EXAM #4 Review Slides

Portugal, Iceland, and Japan are examples of nation-states.

City-states of Monaco and San Marino.

Various colonial powers & their colonies in 1914.

European colonies in Africa,

Colonization in South America and the Caribbean,

The areas of the world that were at one time part of the British Empire.

Colonial possessions in Most are islands in the Pacific Ocean or Caribbean Sea.

Panmunjeom, Joint Security Area in the DMZ, as viewed from North Korea.

States may have disputes over resources such as oil, natural gas, coal, or water.

After the break- up of the Soviet Union, 15 new independent states have been established, primarily along ethnic lines.

The gerrymandered 12 th Congressional District in North Carolina.

Examples of gerrymandered US Congressional Districts: Illinois (left), California (right)

Large areas of Russia are not occupied by ethnic Russians, which still causes tensions in some of these areas. The area of the Caucasus is especially volatile with the Chechens and others seeking independence.

Percentage of the adult population diagnosed with HIV.

Iraq has faced famine conditions since The Iraq sanctions resulted in high rates of malnutrition. Between 200,000 and 1 million excess deaths. [69]IraqIraq sanctions [69] Somalian famineSomalian famine 1996 North Korean famine [2] [3]. Scholars estimate 600,000 died of starvation (other estimates range from 200,000 to 3.5 million). [70]North Korean famine[2][3] [70] 1998 famine in Sudan caused by war and droughtfamine in Sudanwardrought 1998 ENSO famine in Northeastern Brazil famine in Ethiopia. The situation worsened by Eritrean-Ethiopian WarEthiopiaEritrean-Ethiopian War Second Congo War. 3.8 million people died, mostly from starvation and diseaseSecond Congo War Zimbabwe's food crisis caused by Mugabe's land reform policies [71]ZimbabweMugabeland reform [71] [edit] 21st centuryedit21st century famine in Sudan/Darfur (Darfur conflict)SudanDarfur conflict 2005 Malawi food crisis Niger food crisis 2006 Horn of Africa food crisis Myanmar food crisis. The Cyclone Nargis devastated Burma's major rice-producing region. [72]MyanmarCyclone NargisBurmarice [72] North Korean famine [73][74]North Korean famine [73][74] Horn of Africa food crisis [75][76]Horn of Africa [75][76] Afghanistan food crisis [77]Afghanistan [77] Bangladesh food crisis [78]Bangladesh [78] East Africa food crisis [79]East Africa [79] Tajikistan food crisis [80]Tajikistan [80] Kenya food crisis [81] 10 million Kenyans face starvation. [82]Kenya [81] [82]

The ethnic makeup of the Caucasus region.

So called wild zones, places where national governments have lost control over local matters and conflicts.

The seven provinces that Basque nationalism claims as historical Basque Country span France (light yellow) and Spain (rest of the map). Names in this map are in Basque.

Members of the Sudan Liberation Army who fight against local Arab rebels, the Janjaweed (supported by the Sudan government), in the Darfur region of western Sudan.

Area claimed by the Tamil Eelam (green) and area controlled (yellow border) before recent offensive launched by the Sri Lankan Army. Percentage of Sri Lankan Tamils by district, 2001 or 1981.

NAFTA OPEC

European Union

NATO (blue) countries and Warsaw Pact (red) countries during the Cold War.

Hamas fighters & supporters.

Percent of people living in urban areas.

Cities having a population of 2 million or more.

Megalopolises of the U.S.

Concentric Zone Model of urban structure.

Sector Model of urban structure where a city grows in a series of corridors out from the CBD..

Multiple Nuclei Model of urban structure.

The growth of Chicago, IL which shows aspects of a Peripheral Model of urban structure.

Many cities have grown to have several business districts outside of the traditional CBD, such as Atlanta. This is an example of the Urban Realms Model of urban structure.

The economic segregation of many cities is illustrated in this view of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The poor, shanty housing is in the foreground, with the luxury apartments near the beach.

A low-income area of Cartagena, Columbia. Like in most of Latin America, these areas are usually on the periphery of the city.

Lagos has a relatively modern CBD, but large areas of sub-standard housing.

Fès, Morocco. The eastern portion is part of the original town, while the area to the west (New Town) was planned & built by the French.