COMICS

HISTORY OF COMIC James Gillray, 1800 Lithography

Rodolphe Topffer, 1827

In USA, comics evolved 1897 1911 1913

Aventure comic strips 1934 1937

Super Heroes – Comic Books 1938 1939

1941 1941

Different forms of panels Square or rectangular And closed Circular

symetrical Open Closed

Interior (Insert), panels inside a full shot panel Irregular, diagonal

PANEL SHOT: FULL WIDE SHOT

WIDE SHOT

AMERICAN SHOT

MEDIUM SHOT

MEDIUM CLOSE UP

CLOSE UP

EXTREME CLOSE UP

http://www.slideshare.net/cotic21700642/presentacion-comic-1300942

HOW TO DRAW COMICS?

MOVEMENT: DRAWING LINES OF ACTION

EXPRESSIONS

Layout Panel: A panel, frame or box is one drawing on a page, and contains a segment of action. A page may have one or many panels, and panels are frequently, but not always, surrounded by a border or outline, whose shape can be altered to indicate emotion, tension or flashback sequences.   The size, shape and style of a panel, as well as the placement of figures and speech balloons inside it, affect the timing or pacing of a story. Panels are used to break up and encapsulate sequences of events in a narrative. What occurs in a panel may beasynchronous, meaning that not everything that occurs in a single panel necessarily occurs at one time. Gutter: The gutter is the space between panels. Tier: A tier is a single row of panels. Splash: A splash or splash page is a large, often full-page illustration which opens and introduces a story." It is rarely less than half a page, and occasionally covers two pages. Often designed as a decorative unit, its purpose is to capture the reader's attention, and can be used to establish time, place and mood.

Spread: A spread is an image that spans more than one page. The two-page spread is the most common, but there are spreads that span more pages, often by making use of a foldout (or gatefold).[ Elements A caption (the yellow box) gives the narrator a voice. The characters dialogue is given through speech balloons. The character speaking is indicated by the tail of the balloon. Speech balloon: A speech/word/dialogue balloon or speech/word/dialogue bubble is a speech indicator, containing the characters' dialogue. The indicator from the balloon that points at the speaker is called a pointer  or tail. The speech balloon bridges the gap between word and image—"the word made image", as expressed by Pierre Fresnault-Druelle. In early renderings, speech balloons were no more than ribbons emanating from their speakers' mouths, but as it evolved and became more sophisticated, it became a more expressive device. Its shape came to convey meaning as well. A thought balloon contains copy expressing a character's unvoiced thoughts, usually shaped like a cloud, with bubbles as a pointer.  Emotions can be expressed by the shape of the balloon—spiked balloons can indicate shouting, and balloons "dripping" balloons can indicate sarcasm.

Caption: In a caption, words appear in a box separated from the rest of the panel or page, usually to give voice to a narrator, but sometimes used for the characters' thoughts or dialogue. Sound effects: Sound effects or onomatopoeia are words that mimic sounds. They are non-vocal sound images, from the subtle to the forceful. Concepts Closure: The reader performs closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to combine panels mentally into events. Encapsulation: It  is the capturing of prime moments in a story. Not every moment of a story is presented in comics. For the artist, encapsulation involves choosing what will be presented in which panels, how many panels will be used to present the action, and the size and layout of the panels. The layouts of the panels can influence the way the panels interact with each other to the reader. This interaction can lend more meaning to the panels than what they have individually. Encapsulation is distinctive to comics, and an essential consideration in the creation of a work of comics.

A caption (the yellow box) gives the narrator a voice A caption (the yellow box) gives the narrator a voice. The characters dialogue is given through speech balloons. The character speaking is indicated by the tail of the balloon.

Figure 1. Types of panels commonly used in creating comic books.

EXAMPLE LAYOUT: