Today’s AIM: Why did the delegates at the Constitutional Convention have trouble coming to a compromise for a new government? Have you ever written a paper or essay for school and after looking at it, decided to throw it out and start over? Why did you do that?

Shifting the Balance

What else was drafted HERE? We’re BACK! Independence Hall – Philadelphia, PA What else was drafted HERE?

The Convention Meets What was their original plan?? REVISE the A of C The Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia - May 1787) The convention produced the document that has governed the USA for over 200 years...the United States Constitution What was their original plan?? REVISE the A of C Rhode Island? 55 delegates were present from 13 states George Washington selected to lead Why were the meetings kept a SECRET? MAJORITY RULE was used to make decisions, not unanimous vote – WHY?

the “Father of the Constitution”? Who was going to become the “Father of the Constitution”? James Madison! A NATIONALIST!

Based off of the Articles FAILURE and images below, what do you think is going to be the first order of business at the convention? VIRGINIA NEW JERSEY

Virginia Plan Madison CREATES it Edmund Randolph proposes it 1. TWO house legislature– bicameral 2. Membership based on state’s population (more people = more votes) (LARGE states LOVE it!)

New Jersey Plan William Patterson proposes NJ Plan (SMALL states LOVE it!) ONE house legislature- unicameral Equal votes for all states (based on The Articles but with more powers– tax and trade)

Today’s AIM: Why is the Constitution known as a “Bundle of Compromises”? EQ: Should slaves be counted in a state’s population? How did the Great Compromise settle differences created by the VA and NJ Plans?

How is representation going to be determined in the new Congress? PROBLEM #1 How is representation going to be determined in the new Congress? Small States Large States Large population Small population Want more representatives Afraid of being out-numbered Support the Virginia Plan of rep’s apportioned by population Support the NJ Plan of one rep per state

The GREAT Compromise! With a partner, read the excerpt from the Constitution titled, “The Great Compromise”. As you read, underline words and phrases that answer the following questions… What did the Great Compromise create? Are the large states satisfied? How? Are the small states satisfied? How?

1. Senate– each state has 2 votes (SMALL states ) The GREAT Compromise! Roger Sherman 1. Senate– each state has 2 votes (SMALL states ) 2. House of Representatives– based on states’ population (LARGE states )

Northern States Southern States Problem #2 How would slaves be counted for the purposes of representation and taxation? Northern States Southern States High population of slaves Fewer slaves Don’t want to count slaves – at all! Want to count ALL slaves for the purpose of representation Want to tax slave owners for their slaves (property) Don’t want to be taxed for their slaves (property)

Who will be counted fully? Free people and servants ARTICLE I Section 2 Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. - 3/5th Compromise Who will be counted fully? Free people and servants Who will be counted as three-fifths? “All other persons” Who are “all other persons”? Slaves! Why didn’t the framers (“founding fathers” and creators of the Constitution) use the term slaves? Because they were ashamed of the issue and were afraid the word would (tarnish) the document.

Slavery? 3/5th Compromise – Every 5 slaves counted as 3 “people” in the state census Northern states want slavery banned Ignores slavery for 20 more years So, both sides get something but… Does this solve the issue of slavery in the US?

The 3/5 Compromise did NOT mean that enslaved African Americans would be allowed to vote or their interests be represented in Congress... Like Native Americans, they were excluded from participating in government