VIRUSES CHAPTER 13 Gardasil® targets two strains of HPV that cause 70% of all cervical cancer, and two strains that cause 30% of genital warts.. Age 9-26 are suggested; 3 shots two months apart; costs $120 x 3 that is not covered by all insurance policies.

What are Viruses? Obligate intracellular parasites Viral components Nucleic acids Capsid Envelope British immunologist Peter Medawar:”A piece of bad news wrapped up in protein”

Viral Shapes and Sizes Helical Spherical Polyhedral

Infectious Properties Viral Host range Spectrum of host Viral specificity Types of cells Viral Origins Unknown

Nucleic Acid DNA viruses RNA viruses ds DNA ss DNA + strand – strand Double strand

11 RNA Virus Families Togaviridae Flaviviridae Retroviridae Picornaviridae Togaviridae Flaviviridae Retroviridae Paramyxoviridae Rhabdoviridae Orthomyxoviridae

RNA Virus Families (cont.) Filoviridae Bunyaviridae Arenaviridae Reoviridae

DNA Virus Families Adenoviridae Herpesviridae Poxviridae Papovaviridae Hepadnaviridae Parvoviridae Emerging Viruses: Previously endemic

Viral Replication Activities Adsorption Penetration (virus or chromosome) Synthesis Maturation Release

Bacteriophages Plaque counts

Culturing Animal Viruses Eggs Cell Culture Primary Continuous

Viral Cytopathic Effects Cytopathy Teratogenic effects

Viruslike Agents Satellites Prions Viroids