1. Prof Dr. Drh Pratiwi Ts,MS
Pengenalan Virus
Prof Dr. Drh Pratiwi Ts,MS
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

2. Virus
Merupakan parasites obligate intracellular berukuran kecil, terdiri atas RNA atau DNA genome yang mengeliliongi sebagai perlindungan, sehingga virus dilindungi oleh protein (virus-coded protein coat)
Virus terlihat semacam mobile genetic elements, sebagian besar kemungkinan merupakan asal dari sel dan berbentuk khusus menrupakan long co-evolution antara virus dan host
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

3. Introduction to Virology
A virus is an obligate intracellular parasite containing genetic material surrounded by protein
Virus particles can only be observed by an electron microscope
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

4. Introduction to Virology
The classification of viruses is based on the type of nucleic acid contained within
RNA viruses---also known as a retrovirus
DNA viruses
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

5. Mengenal virus
Recognizing the shape, size, and structure of different viruses is critical to the study of disease
Viruses have an inner core of nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat known as an envelope
Most viruses range in sizes from 20 – 250 nanometers
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

6. Replikasi virus
Untuk memperbanyak diri virus sanagat tergantung kepada host sel khusus yang memberikan supply bahan metabolik kompleks dan mesin biosintetik pada sel eukaryotic atau prokaryotic cells.
Virus tidak dapat membentuk energi
Karena merupakan obligate intracellular parasites, selama replikasi tergantng dari supply bahan biokimia dari eukaryotic atau prokaryotic cells
Complete virus particle disebut virion.
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

7. Why are some viruses harmful?
Virus invades cell
When your cells make viruses instead of operating normally, YOU get sick
Virus forces cell to make copies of virus
Eventually so many copies are made, the cell explodes,
releasing all of the new viruses
11/12/2018
Introduction – Structure – Replication – Virology – Medicine - Review
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014

8. Let’s look at the Defining Properties of Viruses
Viruses are parasites that invade cells
Viruses have either DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) or RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Viruses direct the synthesis of new virus within a host cell.
Newly made viruses infect other cells.
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

9. Tahap Replikasi virus Replication
Viruses replicate within a host cell while utilizing the host cell’s nucleic acids.
Viral life cycle consists of six stages within the host cell
Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating
Multiplication
Assembly
Release
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

10. 2 Tipe Virus 1. Nucleic Acid 2. Capsid ( di selubungi Protein)
DNA atau RNA ( harus salah satu)
2. Capsid ( di selubungi Protein)
Some Viruses:
A. Envelope
B. Enzymes
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

11. The Size and Morphology of Selected Viruses
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

12. Structure of viruses
A – naked, not containing an envelope aroud capsid
B – enveloped, containing an envelope around the capsid
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

13. Morfologi virus
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

14. Viral Structure Capsid (Coat Protein) Envelope
protects viral genome from host endonucleases
capsomeres
Binding Sites
Envelope
derived from the host cell
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

15. The General Structure of Viruses
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018
Figure 6.1

16. virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

17. Introduction – Structure – Replication – Virology – Medicine - Review
The concept of a virus as an organism challenges the way we define life:
* Viruses do not breathe. * Viruses do not metabolize. * Viruses do not grow. * However, they do reproduce.
11/12/2018
Introduction – Structure – Replication – Virology – Medicine - Review
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014

18. Classification by Biological, Chemical, and Physical Properties
RNA-Containing Viruses
Picornaviridae
Paramyxoviruses
Caliciviridae
Orthomyxoviruses
Togaviruses
Bunyaviridae
Arenaviridae
Flaviviridae
Coronaviridae
Reoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Birnaviridae
Filoviridae
Retroviridae
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

19. Classification by Biological, Chemical, and Physical Properties
DNA-Containing Viruses
Hepadnaviridae
Parvoviridae
Papovaviridae
Adenoviridae
Herpesviridae
Poxviridae
Iridovoridae
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

20. Contoh virus penyebab penyakit
Viral Diseases-Examples
Influenza
Rabies
HIV
Hepatitis
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

21. Ukuran virus Smallest infectious agents
Most are so small, they can only be seen with an electron microscope
Animal viruses
Proviruses- around 20 nm in diameter
Mimiviruses- up to 450 nm in length
Viewing viruses
Special stains and an electron microscope
Negative staining outlines the shape
Positive staining shows internal details
Shadowcasting technique
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

22. Penanaman virus
The cultivation of viruses is complex and includes three common methods
Chicken egg culture
Cell culture
Animal inoculation
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

23. Cultivation of Viruses
A. Chick Embryos: Virus growth in an embryonated chick egg may result in the death of the embryo (eg, encephalitis virus), the production of pocks or plaques on the chorioallantoic membrane (eg, herpes, smallpox, vaccinia), the development of hemagglutinins in the embryonic fluids or tissues (eg, influenza), or the development of infective virus (eg, polio virus type 2).
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

24. How Viruses Multiply
- Viruses
Hidden viruses “hide” for a while inside host cells before becoming active.
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

25. How Viruses Multiply - Viruses
Active viruses enter cells and immediately begin to multiply, leading to the quick death of the invaded cells.
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

26. Replikasi virus
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

27. virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018
Figure 6.13

28. Kultur virus
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018

29. Viruses Can Help Cells, Too
Since viruses can transport DNA and RNA into cells, scientists are exploring Gene Therapy
In Gene Therapy, viral genetic material is replaced with new DNA
In time, this could be used to cure genetic diseases. Currently we have no cure for these types of illnesses
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/201811/12/2018

30. Sampai jumpa
virus -prof PTS -micro 2014
11/12/2018