Members of the group: - Leila Touaïbia Sara Ameur - Ibtissem Belkhir - Bouchra Amari Make Peace Mr. Rahali Class: 2 AS 2 Mohamed Ben Teftifa High School Directed by:

By Peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessing We are pleased and honored to get this modest research before you, which is titled (Make Peace) that has been created many efforts we hope that you received ears and ears and minds conscious

Please wait… What is the Nobel Peace Prize? Prize Awarder for the Nobel Peace Prize Nobel Peace Prizes( ) The Nobel Peace Prize Medal Youngest & OldestPeace Laureate How are the Nobel Laureates selected? Nobel Peace Prizes and nominations in 100 years Conclusion Potonial winner of the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize

What is the Nobel Peace Prize? Prize Awarder for the Nobel Peace Prize Nobel Peace Prizes( ) The Nobel Peace Prize Medal Youngest & Oldest Peace Laureate How are the Nobel Laureates selected? Nobel Peace Prizes and nominations in 100 years Conclusion Potonial winner of the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize Having been awarded since 1901, is an award presented to either an individual or an organization in accordance with Alfred Nobels living will. Alfred Nobel, creator of the five Nobel Prizes, was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. He disposed the Nobel Peace Prize in his will to be awarded to The person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". The Nobel Peace Prize differs from the Nobel Prizes in literature, physics, chemistry, and medicine or physiology in that it may be presented not only to individuals, but also to organizations that are actively engaged in a process or effort that intends to promote world peace. The prize can be awarded for current efforts, rather than for having accomplished a goal or resolved an issue.Alfred Nobel What is the Nobel Peace Prize?

Alfred Nobel was interested in social issues. He developed a special engagement in the peace movement. An important factor in Nobels interest in peace was his acquaintance with Bertha von Suttner. Perhaps his interest in peace was also due to the use of his inventions in warfare and assassination attempts… Peace was the fifth and final prize area that Nobel mentioned in his will. the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded for work in a wide range of fields including advocacy of human rights, mediation of international conflicts, and arms control. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by a committee of five persons who are chosen by the Norwegian Storting. Back to the menu <<

About Alfred Nobel… Alfred Nobel ( ) was a Swedish chemical engineer and the inventor of dynamite and other explosives. He developed dynamite to help make mining safer. Nobel took keen interest in social problems, and his dream and motivation were to be of service to mankind. When he died he created a fund, with interest on the bulk of his estate dedicated to financing prizes that were to be awarded annually to the persons whose work had been of the greatest benefit to mankind. In 1900, the Nobel Foundation was established and statutes were adopted, creating the Nobel Prizes, including the Peace Prize.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee is responsible for selecting the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates. The Committee is composed of five members appointed by the Storting (Norwegain Parliament). The Committee's composition reflects the relative strengths of the political parties in the Storting, and is assisted by specially appointed expert advisers. Prize Awarder for the Nobel Peace Prize Back to the menu <<

The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded 90 times to 120 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2009 ; 97 times to individuals and 23 times to organizations. Since International Committee of the Red Cross was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1917, 1944 and 1963, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954 and 1981, that means 97 individuals and 20 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The table below shows individual Nobel Peace Prize winners in the last ten years : Nobel Peace Prizes( )

Nobel Peace Prize winners in the last 10 years Click on the name to see the biography Back to the menu <<

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter; (born October 1st, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981) and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office. Before he became President, Carter served as a U.S. Naval officer, was a peanut farmer, served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as Governor of Georgia (1971–1975). After leaving office, Carter and his wife Rosalynn founded The Carter Center in 1982,a nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization that works to advance human rights. He has traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations, observe elections, and advance disease prevention and eradication in developing nations. Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project, and also remains particularly vocal on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict Jimmy Carter

Shirin Ebadi (born June21st,1947) is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first ever Iranian to receive the prize. In 2009, Ebadi's award was confiscated by Iranian authorities, though this was later denied by the Iranian government.If true, she would be the first person in the history of the Nobel Prize whose award has been forcibly seized by state authorities. Ebadi lives in Tehran, but she has been in exile in the UK since June 2009 due to the increase in persecution of Iranian citizens who are critical of the current regime. In 2004, she was listed by Forbes magazine as one of the "100 most powerful women in the world".She is also included in a published list of the "100 most influential women of all time." 2003 Shirin Ebadi

Wangari Muta Maathai (born April 1st,1940 – 25 September 2011) was a Kenyan environmental and political activist. She was educated in the US at Mount St. Scholastica and the University of Pittsburgh, as well as the University of Nairobi in Kenya. In the 70s, Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, an environmental non-governmental organization focused on the planting of trees, environmental conservation, and women's rights. In 1986, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award, and in 2004, she became the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace. Maathai was an elected member of Parliament and served as assistant minister for Environment and Natural Resources in the government of President Mwai Kibaki (January 2003 and November 2005). Furthermore she was an Honorary Councillor of the World Future Council. In 2011, Maathai died of complications from ovarian cancer Wangari Muta Maathai

Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei (born June 17, 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat. He was the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an intergovernmental organization under the auspices of the United Nations, from December 1997 to November ElBaradei and the International Atomic Energy Agency were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in ElBaradei was also an important figure in the 2011 Egyptian revolution which ousted the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak Mohamed Elbaradei

Muhammad Yunus (born June 28th, 1940) is a Bangladeshi banker, economist and Nobel Peace Prize recipient. He previously was a professor of economics where he developed the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. In 2006 Yunus and Grameen received the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts through microcredit to create economic and social development from below".Yunus himself has received several other national and international honors. In 2012, he was installed Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland, serving in this capacity as the university's titular head.He is also a member of advisory board at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. He is the author of Banker to the Poor and two books on Social Business Models, and a founding board member of Grameen America and Grameen Foundation. Grameen Intel is just one of hundreds of public and private partnerships now mediated through Youth & Yunus. In early 2007 Yunus showed interest in launching a political party in Bangladesh named Nagorik Shakti (Citizen Power), but later discarded the plan. He is one of the founding members of Global Elders. In March 2011, after months of government attack, the Bangladesh government controversially fired Yunus from his position at Grameen Bank, citing legal violations and an age limit on his position. Professor Yunus was chosen by Wharton School of Business for PBS documentary, as one of « The 25 Most Influential Business Persons of the Past 25 Years ». In 2006, Time magazine listed him under "60 years of Asian Heroes" as one of the top 12 business leaders. In 2008, in an open online poll, Yunus was voted the 2nd topmost intellectual person in the world on the list of Top 100 Public Intellectuals by Prospect Magazine (UK) and Foreign Policy (United States) Muhammad Yunus

Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr ; (born March 31, 1948) served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and lost the 2000 U.S. presidential election despite winning the popular vote. Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism. Gore is the founder and current chair of the Alliance for Climate Protection, the co-founder and chair of Generation Investment Management, the co-founder and chair of Current TV, a member of the Board of Directors of Apple Inc., and a senior adviser to Google.Gore is also a partner in the venture capital firm, heading its climate change solutions group. He has served as a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Fisk University, and the University of California, Los Angeles. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute. Gore has received a number of awards including the Nobel Peace Prize, a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album (2009) for his book: An Inconvenient Truth,a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV (2007), and a Webby Award (2005) Albert Arnold (Al) Gore

Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (born 23 June 1937) is a Finnish politician, the tenth President of Finland (1994– 2000), Nobel Peace Prize laureate and United Nations diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work. Ahtisaari was a UN Special Envoy at the Kosovo status process negotiations, aimed at resolving a long-running dispute in Kosovo, which declared its independence from Serbia in In October 2008, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for his efforts on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts".The Nobel statement said that Ahtisaari has played a prominent role in resolving many conflicts in Namibia; Aceh, Indonesia; Kosovo and Iraq, among other areas Martti Ahtisaari

Barack Hussein Obama ;(born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from ( ). He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from ( ), running unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in Several events brought Obama to national attention during his campaign to represent the State of Illinois in the United States Senate in 2004, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July He won the Senate election in November 2004, serving until his resignation following his 2008 presidential election victory. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in In foreign policy, Obama ended US military involvement in the Iraq War, increased troop levels in Afghanistan, signed the New START arms control treaty with Russia, ordered U.S. military involvement in Libya, and ordered the military operation that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden. In May 2012, he became the first sitting U.S. president to publicly support legalizing same- sex marriage Barack H. Obama

Liu Xiaobo; (born 28 December 1955) is a Chinese literary critic, writer, professor, and human rights activist who called for political reforms and the end of communist single-party rule in China. He is currently incarcerated as a political prisoner in China. Liu has served from 2003 to 2007 as President of the Independent Chinese PEN Center, an organization funded by the National Endowment for Democracy, which in turn is almost entirely funded by the US Congress. He was also the President of NED-funded Min Zhu Zhong Guo (Democratic China) magazine since the mid-1990s. On 8 December 2008, Liu was detained because of his participation with the Charter 08 manifesto. He was formally arrested on 23 June 2009 on suspicion of inciting subversion of state power. During his fourth prison term, he was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize for "his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China ". He is the first Chinese citizen to be awarded a Nobel Prize of any kind while residing in China. Liu is the third person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while in prison or detention. Liu is also the second person to be denied the right to have a representative collect the Nobel prize for him Liu Xiaobo

2012 European Union The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political union of 27 member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958 respectively. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Important institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area (which includes 22 EU and 4 non-EU states) passport controls have been abolished. With a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants, or 7.3% of the world population, the EU, in 2011, generated the largest nominal world gross domestic product (GDP), representing approximately 20% of the global GDP. The 2012 Nobel peace prize has been awarded to the European Union, with the Norwegian committee ignoring the current economic crisis and instead praising the EU's decades-long historical role in promoting reconciliation and peace. It is not clear who will actually pick up the award, to be presented in Oslo on 10 December. Jagland said it was up to "EU institutions" to decide which individual would pick up the gold medal and give a lecture at the presentation ceremony. One obvious candidate is the former German chancellor Helmut Kohl, though he is in poor health.

From left to right: Tawakkul Karman, Leymah Gbowee, and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf display their awards during the presentation of the Nobel Peace Prize, 10 December 2011Tawakkul KarmanLeymah GboweeEllen Johnson Sirleaf 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; Leymah Gbowee; Tawakel Karman Back to the menu <<

Tawakel Karman (born 7 February 1979) became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni uprising that is part of the Arab Spring uprisings. She has been called by Yemenis the "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution".She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman,and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize and the youngest Nobel Peace Laureate to date. Karman is a Yemeni journalist, politician and senior member of the of Al-Islah political party, and human rights activist who heads the group "Women Journalists Without Chains," which she co-founded in She gained prominence in her country after 2005 in her roles as a Yemeni journalist and an advocate for a mobile phone news service denied a license in 2007, after which she led protests for press freedom. She organized weekly protests after May 2007 expanding the issues for reform.She redirected the Yemeni protests to support the " Jasmine Revolution". She has been a vocal opponent who has called for the end of President Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime Tawakel Karman

Leymah Roberta Gbowee (born 1 February 1972), is a Liberian peace activist responsible for leading a women's peace movement that helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in This led to the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in Liberia, the first African nation with a female president.She, along with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tawakkul Karman, were awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace- building work" Leymah Roberta Gbowee

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born 29 October 1938) is the 24th and current President of Liberia. She served as Minister of Finance under President William Tolbert from 1979 until the 1980 coup d'état, after which she left Liberia and held senior positions at various financial institutions. She placed a very distant second in the 1997 presidential election won by Charles Taylor. She won the 2005 presidential election and took office on 16 January She successfully ran for re-election in Sirleaf is the first elected female head of state in Africa. Sirleaf was awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with Leymah Gbowee of Liberia and Tawakel Karman of Yemen. The women were recognized "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for womens rights to full participation in peace- building work" Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Aminatou Ali Ahmed Haidar (born 24 July 1966, Akka, Morocco), known as Aminetou, is a Sahrawi human rights activist and an advocate of the independence of Western Sahara. She is sometimes called the "Sahrawi Gandhi" for her nonviolent protests. She is the president of the Collective of Sahrawi Human Rights Defenders (CODESA). She was imprisoned from 1987 to 1991 and from 2005 to 2006 on charges related to her independence advocacy. In 2009, she attracted international attention when she staged a hunger strike in Lanzarote Airport after being denied re-entry to Morocco. Haidar has won several international human rights awards for her work, including the 2008 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award and the 2009 Civil Courage Prize. In 2012 she was nominated to the Nobel Peace Prize. Thats why we think that Aminatou Haider deserves to be the recepient of the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize more than anyone. Potontial winner of the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize Back to the menu <<

The 109 awarded organizations and individuals over the first one hundred years of the Nobel Peace Prize ( ), and the 4857 nominees, can be distributed geographically and by organization as shown below: Nobel Peace Prizes and nominations in 100 years Nobel Peace Prizes: Nobel Peace Prizes Nominations: International Organisation Western Europe Eastern Europe North America Latin America AsiaAfrica Back to the menu <<

The Nobel Peace Prize Medal The Nobel Peace Prize Medal was designed by Gustav Vigeland; The face of the medal of the Norwegian Nobel Committee shows Alfred Nobel in a pose slightly different from that of the other medals. The inscription is the same. The other side of the Nobel Peace Prize medal represents a group of three men forming a fraternal bond. The inscription reads: Pro pace et fraternitate gentium translated "For the peace and brotherhood of men". "Prix Nobel de la Paix", the relevant year, and the name of the Nobel Peace Prize Laureate is engraved on the edge of the medal. Back to the menu <<

Youngest Peace Laureates To date, the youngest Nobel Peace Prize Laureate is Mairead Corrigan, who was 32 years old when she was awarded the Peace Prize in Nearly as young, at 33 years of age, were: 33 years-old Rigoberta Menchú Tum, (1992). 33 years-old Betty Williams, (1976, together with Mairead Corrigan). 32 years-old tawakoul karmen, (2011) The oldest Nobel Peace Prize Laureate to date is Joseph Rotblat, who was 87 years old when he was awarded the Prize in Oldest Peace Laureate Back to the menu <<

How are the Nobel Laureates selected? Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates : Click on each month to see the Diapo Back to the menu <<

How are the Nobel Laureates selected? Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates : Click on each month to see the Diapo Back to the menu <<

September – Invitation letters are sent out The Nobel Committee sends out invitation letters to individuals qualified to nominate – members of national assemblies, governments, and international courts of law; university chancellors, professors of social science, history, philosophy, law and theology; leaders of peace research institutes and institutes of foreign affairs; previous Nobel Peace Prize Laureates; board members of organizations that have received the Nobel Peace Prize; present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee; and former advisers of the Norwegian Nobel Institute.

February – Deadline for submission The Committee bases its assessment on nominations that must be postmarked no later than 1 February each year. Nominations postmarked and received after this date are included in the following year's discussions. In recent years, the Committee has received close to 200 different nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. The number of nominating letters is much higher, as many are for the same candidates.

February-March – Short list The Committee assesses the candidates' work and prepares a short list.

March-August – Adviser review The short list is reviewed by permanent advisers and advisers specially recruited for their knowledge of specific candidates. The advisers do not directly evaluate nominations nor give explicit recommendations.

October – Nobel Laureates are chosen At the beginning of October, the Nobel Committee chooses the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates are then announced.

December – Nobel Laureates receive their prize The Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony takes place on 10 December in Oslo, Norway, where the Nobel Laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Medal and Diploma, and a document confirming the prize amount.

Conclusion …and here comes the end of our research,that we wanted it to be a peace dove,holding a message for all of our friends and also for all humanity ; because through TV channels,radio,newspapers….. we do always see Tears in childrens faces « but not Smiles »,we hear the sound of guns « but not laughs », we read huge numbers of destroyed buildings « but not about rasing ones » …we do always live War « but not Peace» we cant keep seeing that with out a reaction so as a beginning lets work as a team and start making peace in our society, because Peace is the Dream that we want to make a reality, and we mustnt forget that : There is no way to peace; because peace is the way..

T h a n k s attention for your 2 As