THE GREAT DEPRESSION

Venn Diagram Make a Venn Diagram with 3 interlocking circles Circle 1: Political Impacts Circle 2: Social Impacts Circle 3: Economic Impacts Take notes as you flip through the slideshow on the major effects of the Great Depression on American Society

IMPACT ON SOCIETY

GUIDING QUESTION How did the Great Depression alter the American social fabric in the 1930s? (from 1996)

Effects on Business & Industry GNP – $104 billion in 1929 to $56 billion in 1933 Total national income – fell by over 50% Corporate profits - from $10 billion to $1 billon Business failures: 100,000 between 1929 and 1933 Brinkley 10e

Effects on Business & Industry Bank failures about 20% all banks (over 6000) between 1929 and 1933) over 9 million savings accounts lost($2.5 billion) Depositors gathering outside a bank, April 1933 Bank Failures, 1929-1933 Graph: Divine America Past and Present Revised 7th Ed. Outside Bank: http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1929_1939.html American Journey Online 1932

Effects of the Crash Great Crash World Payments Investors Businesses and Workers Investors lose millions. Businesses lose profits. Consumer spending drops. Workers are laid off. Businesses cut investment and production Some fail. Banks Businesses and workers cannot repay bank loans. Savings accounts are wiped out. Bank runs occur Banks run out of money and fail. World Payments Overall U.S. production plummets. U.S. investors have little or no money to invest. U.S. investments in Germany decline. German war payments to Allies fall off. Europeans cannot afford American goods. Allies cannot pay debts to United States. Pathways

Effect on workers and families Unemployment ~25% in 1932 underemployment patterns of reemployment and layoffs hobos “Depression mentality” This photograph shows men lined up at the New York City Employment Bureau.  In the early years of the Great Depression, in the absence of federal jobs programs or of any sort of local or state unemployment assistance, people turned to agencies such as the New York City Employment Bureau to look for work.  Nationally, the unemployment rate had risen from 3 percent in 1929 to 6.3 percent in 1930 and to 16.5 percent in 1931; it stood at 29.4 percent in 1932, the year this photograph was taken.  [ajo] Unemployment Graph: Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/ Men Lined Up at the New York City Employment Bureau, 1932

Effect on workers and families Malnutrition Disease: tuberculosis, typhoid and dysentery. City & state relief systems in industrial Northeast and Midwest collapse soup kitchens and bread lines Soup kitchen, Chicago, 1930 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1929_1939.html (Chicago) http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1929_1939.html Soup kitchen, 1931 (Cleveland)

Dorothea Lange “White Angel Breadline“ San Francisco 1933 White Angel Breadline" By Dorothea Lange, San Francisco, California, 1933 National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Social Security Administration Copyright the Dorothea Lange Collection, Oakland Museum of California, City of Oakland, Gift of Paul S. Taylor. (47-GA-90-497)

Effect on workers and families Women Working - 25% more New Deal – lower pay Women’s Rights Movement - lowest point in a century Families Housing Stress - divorce Health – disease, suicide Migrants - from South and Midwest to West Women in Workplace: Brinkley 10e; This photograph was taken by Resettlement Administration (RA) photographer Carl Mydans (b. 1907) in March 1936.  It shows a woman and her two children in the abandoned chassis of a Ford automobile--their home--on U.S. Route 70 in Tennessee. [ajo] Mother and two children living in an abandoned car in Tennessee, 1936 Women in Workplace 1900-1940

Effects on Farmers “Dust Bowl” “Okies” Grapes of Wrath Dust Bowl Resettlement Adminstration Pageant 13e Dust Bowl Dust storm, Springfield, CO, 1935

http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1929_1939.html Dust storm, Elkhart, KS, 1937

The Dust Bowl Aftermath of dust storms, South Dakota, 1936 Abandoned house, Haskell County, Kansas“, By Irving Rusinow, April 1941; National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 83-G-41906) Dust Bowl farm. Coldwater District, north of Dalhart, Texas. This house is occupied; most of the houses in this district have been abandoned. Lange, Dorothea, photographer June 1938 (LOC AmMem FSA-OWI( Abandoned house, Kansas, April 1941 Dust Bowl Farm, Texas, 1938

Migrants “Okies” migrate west in 1939 A Destitute Family in the Ozark Mountains. 1935 “Okies” migrate west in 1939 This impoverished family in the Ozark Mountains region of northwestern Arkansas was photographed in October 1935 for the Resettlement Administration (RA) by Ben Shahn (1898-1969) “Okies” - http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1929_1939.html “Covered Wagon” - http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1929_1939.html Dorthea Lange, “Covered Wagon Again” 1935

Migrants in California "Cheap Auto Camp Housing for Citrus Workers“; By Dorothea Lange, Tulare County, California, February 1940; National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, (83-G-41555) Migratory family in auto camp. California. Dorothea Lange 1936 (LOC Am Mem FSA/OWI) "Cheap Auto Camp Housing for Citrus Workers“; Dorothea Lange, Tulare County, California, Feb. 1940 Migrant Auto Camp, California, 1936

“Migrant Mother” Dorothea Lange 1936 Migrant Mother. Lange, Dorothea. 1936

Effects on American Culture Reactions of most Americans Effects on basic values (capitalism, democracy, individualism) Alternatives: socialism, communism? Whom to blame? Popular Culture and Escapism Frank Capra Walt Disney Gone With the Wind

Effects on Politics Republican domination of government ended Power of federal government increased greatly – New Deal Socialism and Communism - failed to become a major force in American politics. Socialist party of America - Norman Thomas American Communist party of the 1930s Lincoln Brigade The Popular Front Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact (1939)

Go back and highlight the most significant political, economic, and social effects of the Great Depression?