Opportunistic Networks: A New Type of Specialized Ad Hoc Networks Paradigm of opportunistic networks (oppnets) Based on the analogy to operations of human rescue teams Goals of oppnets: Opportunistic growth Opportunistic leveraging of resources aiming at (among others): Bridging diverse communication media Offloading computations to additional platforms Integrating independent sensing systems (enhancing their sensing capabilities) >> USE EXAMPLES TO SPECIFY WHEN IT IS A REAL CHALLENGE – even engage audience in this matter - To begin with oppnet seed is just a MANET that has the ability to “grow” e.g. OSN is a subclass of oppnets, in which the seed constitutes a sensor network So the challenges inherent to OSN would be those inherent to sensornets, which are also specialized MANETS, thus have some of the same challenges > localization, self-configuration, adaptability and further restricted by resources and hence, power conservation also becomes an inherent challenge > to develop efficient and power-aware algorithms The seed equipped with GPS should be able to localize itself and enable localization or facilitate in the localization of the expanded oppnet Adapt to the dynamic environment and dynamics of the network > may cause nodes to fail > seed re-configures P2P systems > centralized (Napster), decentralized & unstructured (Gnutella) > talk about the intrinsic difference in these two systems and how oppnet resemble unstructured P2P systems 1

Controller (distributed) Startup: Seed Oppnet Oppnet deployed as a seed oppnet Seed Nodes Link to the World Controller (distributed) Seed oppnet localizes its nodes & self-configures 2

Growth: Expanded Oppnet Seed oppnet grows into an expanded oppnet by: Finding candidate helpers Selecting candidates - they are ordered/asked to join Add communication, computing, sensing, storage, other resources Seed Nodes Link to the World Controller (distributed) Appliance (refrigerator) Computer Network WiMAX Overturned Vehicle (with OnStar, VAN) Cellphone Tower Satellite 3 3

Summary of Oppnet Activities Discovering & identifying candidate helpers Contacting selected candidates Inviting or ordering candidates to join Admitting & integrating helpers that join oppnet Offloading tasks to helpers Determining useful colaborative functionalities Managing offloaded tasks Cleaning up & releasing each helper when no longer needed > Need research for each of theses activities < 4

Oppnets Applications Example 1: A Home/Office Application Jenny wants to watch a podcast Can watch it on her own PDA Discouraging: small screen, low-quality speakers There is a better way … [PDA figure: Matt Mutka, MSU, http://elans.cse.msu.edu/ASAP/ad_hoc_system.htm] 5

… Jenny can use oppnet, to assist her PDA in finding powerful helpers PDA is a single-node oppnet seed Oppnet seed grows into an expanded oppnet Helpers include: - TV monitor - Home Theater (HT) system - desktop for communication between the PDA and monitor + HT Xx … [Figure (originally for ad hoc networks): Matt Mutka, MSU, http://elans.cse.msu.edu/ASAP/ad_hoc_system.htm] 6

Oppnets Applications Example 2: Emergency Application A quiet day in a city… … will not last long [PDA figure: Matt Mutka, MSU, http://elans.cse.msu.edu/ASAP/ad_hoc_system.htm] 7

Forming Seed Oppnet Among Emergency Response Teams Arrival of Emergency Response Teams Building Expanded Oppnet: Discovering Candidate Helpers, Before an Incident An Incident Occurs Expanded Oppnet Selecting and Integrating Helpers Cellphone Tower Overturned Vehicles (OnStar & BANs) Computer Network Road Infrastructure Sensors 11/10/2006