Mineral Identification

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Presentation transcript:

Mineral Identification

What you’ll learn Describe physical properties used to identify minerals. Identify minerals using physical properties such as hardness and streak.

Physical Properties Mineral appearance Hardness Luster Specific gravity Streak Cleavage and fracture

Mineral appearance How it looks like What color is it? Which one of the following is gold? Identify by appearance.

Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

Properties of Minerals Mohs Hardness Scale Mineral Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Feldspar Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond Rating Testing Method 1 Softest known mineral. It flakes easily when scratched by a fingernail. 2 A fingernail can easily scratch it. 3 A fingernail cannot scratch it, but a copper penny can. 4 A steel knife can easily scratch it. 5 A steel knife can scratch it. 6 Cannot be scratched by a steel knife, but it can scratch window glass. 7 Can scratch steel and hard glass easily. 8 Can scratch quartz. 9 Can scratch topaz. 10 Hardest known mineral. Diamond can scratch all other substances.

Luster The way a mineral reflects a light luster. Either metallic or nonmetallic

Specific Gravity/ (density) The specific gravity of a mineral is the ration of its weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. Gold has specific gravity of 19 It means gold is 19 times heavier than water. 19 times heavier

Specific gravity

Streak When a mineral is rubbed across a piece of porcelain tile a streak of powdered mineral is left behind.

Cleavage Cleavage is the way that mineral breaks. Minerals that break along smooth, flat surfaces have cleavage. Mica has cleavage

and Fracture!... Mineral that breaks uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces have fracture. Quartz has fracture quartz

An illustration cleavage and fracture