Body Composition Chapter 3 Kinesiology 2115

Body Composition Refers to fat vs. nonfat makeup of the body Lean mass includes Muscles Bones Blood Organs Other tissues Fat (adipose tissue) includes Subcutaneous Fat surrounding organs (visceral)

Uses of Fat Cushion Regulates body temperature Energy Babies Essential fat 3% for males 12-13% for females The rest is storage fat Determined by age, sex, heredity, metabolism, diet and activity level

Overfat vs. Overweight Overweight is relation between total body weight and height/frame size Is not the best measure of health-does not take into consideration body composition Can be overweight without being overfat Overfat is based on the percent of fat tissue More meaningful than height weight charts Determined by body composition assessments Optimal percentages College age men: 10-15% College age women: 18-23%

Obesity Obesity is being 10% above the ideal body fat percentage Men = >25% body fat Women = >33% body fat Obesity leads to many health problems

Problems with Over-fatness and Obesity Heart disease Hypertension and stroke (1 in 3) Renal disease Gall bladder disease Diabetes Pulmonary diseases Osteoarthritis and gout Breast and endometrial cancer

Problems (continued) Difficulty sustaining exercise or activity Social isolation Daily jobs with physical movement Self-image, self-esteem Discrimination Depression Unhealthy dieting practices

Assessing Body Composition Hydrostatic weighing Most effective measure of body composition Not accurate/recommended if your afraid of water Skinfold measures 3, 5, 7 sites Most common method used-inexpensive

Assessments (continued) Bioelectrical impedance Electrical current sent through body Water in muscle conducts current; fat slows current Body Mass Index Ratio of weight to height; project disease risk based on relative mortality rates High BMI- hypertension, high cholesterol, CVD Not accurate for people with high or very low muscle tissue

Bod Pod DEXA

Assessments (continued) Waist to Hip ratio Fat is carried in different locations Android obesity – fat stored in abdominal area Gynoid obesity – fat stored in hips/thighs Waist to Hip Ratio used to assess health risk of diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension and heart disease Males with WHR >.9 at increased risk Females with WHR >.8 at increased risk