Metal-Organic Frameworks for Energy Applications Hailong Wang, Qi-Long Zhu, Ruqiang Zou, Qiang Xu  Chem  Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 52-80 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Schematic Illustration of MOFs, MOF Composites, and MOF Derivatives as well as Their Conversions Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Crystal Structures of Four Representative MOFs (A) MOF-5. (B) HKUST-1. (C) Mg-MOF-74. (D) ZIF-8. C, gray; O, red; and N, blue. The yellow ball represents the porosities, and the yellow line shows the topology of ZIF-8. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Schematic Illustration of Immobilization of the Au/Ni Nanoparticles by the MIL-101 Matrix by a Double-Solvent Method Combined with a Liquid-Phase Concentration-Controlled Reduction Strategy Reprinted with permission from Zhu et al.41 Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Photocatalytic H2 Evolution over a POM-Implanted MOF Catalyst (A) Schematic illustration showing synergistic visible-light excitation of the MOF framework and multi-electron injection into the encapsulated POMs. (B) Time-dependent HER TONs of a MOF catalyst with methanol as the sacrificial electron donor. Reprinted with permission from Zhang et al.46 Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Photo-Induced CO2 Reduction over a MOF Catalyst (A) 3D structure of PCN-222. (B) Gas sorption isotherms of PCN-222. (C) Mott-Schottky plots for PCN-222. (D) Time-dependent amount of HCOO− under visible-light irradiation. Reprinted with permission from Xu et al.15 Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 MOF-Based Proton Conductors (A) Honeycomb layer structure of {(NH4)2(adp)[Zn2(ox)3]·3H2O}n without showing NH4+, solvent molecules, or hydrogen atoms. Reprinted with permission from Sadakiyo et al.58 Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society. (B) The crystal structure of MIL-53(Fe and Al). Reprinted with permission from Shigematsu et al.60 Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society. C, light blue; O, red. The blue atoms show functional groups (–NH2, –OH, or –COOH). Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 MOF Film for Proton Conduction (A) Schematic illustration of the nanosheet-constructed MOF nanofilm. (B and C) Structure model of the MOF nanofilm. (D) Proton conductivity of the MOF nanofilm under various RH conditions. Inset: proton conductivity versus adsorbed water of the MOF nanofilm under 95% RH. (E) Least-squares fitting is shown as a solid line. Inset: typical Nyquist plot of the MOF nanofilm measured under 98% RH at room temperature. Reprinted with permission from Xu et al.64 Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Schematic Illustration of Pyrolysis of the MOF Composite Comprising MIL-101-NH2 Encapsulating Thiourea and Cobalt Chloride in the Nanopores to Yield the Honeycomb-like Porous Co9S8@CNST Catalysts Reprinted with permission from Zhu et al.74 Copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 MOF-Based Supercapacitors (A) Schematic construction of nMOF supercapacitors. Reprinted with permission from Choi et al.76 Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. (B) Structure and nanocrystal morphology of nMOF-867 and comparison of stack capacitances among various EDLC materials. Reprinted with permission from Sheberla et al.79 Copyright 2016 Nature Publishing Group. (C) A space-filling diagram of idealized Ni3(HITP)2 (Ni, green; F, lime; N, blue; C, gray; B, brown; H, white). (D) Comparison of BET-surface-area-normalized areal capacitances among various EDLC materials. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 10 Synthetic Scheme for Preparation of MOFs and Their Derivatives (A) ZIF-8 crystals and NC. (B) ZIF-67 crystals and GC. (C) Bimetallic ZIF (BMZIF) and N/Co-doped GC. (D) Core-shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67 crystals and NC@GC. Reprinted with permission from Tang et al.32 Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 11 MOF Derivative and Corresponding Performance as a LIB Anode (A) Schematic illustration of the synthesis procedure of N-doped graphene analogous particles and model of N doping. (B) Cycling performance at a current density of 100 mA g−1. (C) Rate performance at different current densities from 100 to 1,600 mA g−1. Reprinted with permission from Zheng et al.82 Copyright 2014 Nature Publishing Group. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 12 Crystal Structure of MOF and Corresponding Performance as a LIB Cathode (A) Crystal structure of {Cu(2,7-AQDC)}n. (B) Charge-discharge profile of MOF battery. (C) Cyclic performance of battery in 50 cycles. (D) Cyclic voltammetry plot of battery. Reprinted with permission from Zhang et al.87. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 13 Crystal Structure of MOF and Corresponding Performance in a Li-S Battery (A) Crystal structure of Ni-MOF. (B) Cycling performance of Ni-MOF/S composite at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 C rates at a voltage range of 1.5–3.0 V and schematic illustration of the interaction between polysulfides and Ni-MOF. Reprinted with permission from Zheng et al.90 Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 14 Preparation Process of the Porous MoCx Nano-octahedra Used as Electrocatalysts for the HER Reprinted with permission from Wu et al.94 Copyright 2015 Nature Publishing Group. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 15 Fabrication of Hybrid Co3O4-Carbon Porous Nanowire Arrays The scale bar represents 5 μm. Reprinted with permission from Ma et al.100 Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. Chem 2017 2, 52-80DOI: (10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.002) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions