Ingi Hrafn Guðmundsson Gylfi Óskarsson

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Presentation transcript:

Ingi Hrafn Guðmundsson Gylfi Óskarsson Klíník 3. nóvember Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries Ingi Hrafn Guðmundsson Gylfi Óskarsson

Hvaða scatt er þetta? Congenitally – til staðar við fæðingu Corrected – blóðflæði í rétta átt Transposition – viðsnúningur/víxlun Great arteries – ósæð og lungnaslagæð

Skilgreining – útskýring á fyrirbæri In congenitally corrected transposition, the position of the two ventricles is reversed so that the right atrium connects to the left ventricle; and the left atrium connects to the right ventricle. The two great arteries (the aorta and pulmonary artery) therefore arise from the wrong ventricle. In other words, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and sends blood around the body; and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and takes blood to the lungs. You will note, however, that with this arrangement, while the blood is flowing through the wrong ventricles, it is still going in the correct direction, hence the term "congenitally corrected transposition.“ 1/25.000 fæðingum, KK=KVK, 0,5% meðfæddra hjartagalla

Fósturfræði Snemma í fósturlífi myndast hjartað sem túpa. Þessi túpa sveigist og myndar fellingar (bends and folds). Við þetta myndast fjögurra hólfa hjartað og hjartalokurnar (lokið við 4.viku). Ef túpan sveigir til vinstri í stað hægri verða sleglarnir viðsnúnir, sá hægri verður vinstra megin og vice versa. Tvær hjartalokanna “fylgja” sleglunum, þannig að mitral lokan verður hægra megin og tricuspid lokan vinstra megin.

Greining Prenatal Einkenni Hægt að greina með hjartaómun eftir 18. viku. Erfitt að greina nema sé einnig til staðar VSD, pulmonary stenosa eða hjartablokk. Einkenni Engin Congestive heart failure Cyanosa Svimi, yfirlið

Greining Líkamsskoðun Hjartaómun EKG og lungnamynd Flest eðlileg að lengd og þyngd Eðlileg Tachycardia/pneu Bradycardia Hjartaómun Greining staðfest með ómun EKG og lungnamynd

CXR: Characteristically, in patients with ventricular inversion and transposition of the great arteries, the upper left heart border is straightened as a result of leftward displacement of the aorta. ECG: Typically, there is reversed septal depolarization with absent Q waves over the left chest in association with some degree of AV block.

Einkenni Ef engir aðrir hjartagallar þá geta sjúklingar verið einkennalausir – sjaldgæft. Cyanosa vegna pulmonary stenosu og VSD. Mikið álag á hægri slegil veikir hann – tricuspid leki – congestive heart failure. The "right" ventricle has a different structure than the left ventricle. The right ventricle normally pumps blood to the lungs and works at a low pressure (about 25 mmHg). The left ventricle normally pumps blood to the body and therefore pumps at whatever pressure your blood pressure is (about 120 mmHg). With time, since the right ventricle is not built to pump to such a high pressure, the right ventricle may weaken, dilate, and cause fatigue or breathlessness.

Tengd vandamál Flestir hafa einnig aðra hjartagalla: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 60-80% Blöndun á súrefnisríku og súrefnissnauðu blóði Pulmonary stenosa: Fyrirstaða á blóðflæði til lungna vegna þrengingar neðan við lungnaslagæð. (Subvalvular stenosis secondary to bulging of the malaligned ventricular septum). 30-50% Þessi þrenging veldur því að vinstri slegill þarf að vinna meira, en var hvort sem er gerður til að vinna gegn háum þrýstingi

Tengd vandamál Tricuspid valve regurgitation 90% Complete heart block 10%. Allt að 30% þegar krakkarnir eldast Because the ventricles are reversed, the conducting pathways in the heart are thin and fragile and may not conduct the electrical impulses around the heart normally. Thus, there is an increased chance of interruption of the electrical impulses before they reach the bottom chambers. This is called complete heart block and may need to be remedied with a pacemaker. Dextracardia 25%

Meðferð Meðferð ræðst af því hvernig hægri slegill ræður við að pumpa gegn hærri þrýstingi en hann er vanur. Miðast einnig við aðra hjartagalla sem geta verið til staðar.

Meðferð Observation and monitoring Lyf Sjúklingar sem eru einkennalausir og án takttruflana. Líkamsskoðun, EKG, lungnamynd, ómun, áreynslupróf, Holter. Lyf Hjartabilun; furix, digoxin, beta-blokkar, ACE blokkar Complete heart block (an abnormally slow rhythm) Gangráður. Skurðaðgerð Laga tengda hjartagalla. Double switch operation.

Meðferð Double Switch Operation Today, more patients are being offered a "double switch" operation. At the time the surgeon fixes a defect such as a ventricular septal defect, he or she also reroutes the great arteries so that the ventricles are pumping blood in the direction of a normal heart. This is clearly a much more formidable surgical undertaking, with somewhat greater risk, but if successful, should result in better long-term health of ventricles, especially the over-worked right ventricle. The best surgical approach to use today in patients with corrected transposition remains controversial, but as surgeons gain greater experience with the "double switch" operation and surgical risk decreases, there is increasing enthusiasm for this approach.

Maxwell Wiley Eðlileg full meðganga Hjartaóhljóð viku gamall Double switch aðgerð 3 ½ mánaða gamall - Michigan 8 klst aðgerð 2 ½ viku á gjörgæslu “Now, after the surgery his weight is really taking off. He weighs almost 15 lbs. and looks AMAZING!”

Horfur Með aukinni þekkingu og framförum í meðferð eru horfur sjúklinga góðar. Langtímavandamál geta verið hjartabilun og takttruflanir. Eftirlit mikilvægt. ↑ hætta subacute bacterial endocarditis 10 ára lifun frá greiningu 64-83%, fer eftir tengdum hjartagöllum (emedicine) Miðgildi dauðfalla 40 ár, bæði hjá sjúklingum sem hafa farið í aðgerð og hjá þeim sem fara ekki í aðgerð (emedicine)

Heimildir www.mayoclinic.com www.mayoclinic.org www.Bcm.edu Baylor College of Medicine http://www.med.umich.edu/ University of Michigan Health System http://tchin.org/portraits/maxwell-4.htm www.emedicine.com

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