Social Research Methods Experimental Research

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Presentation transcript:

Social Research Methods Experimental Research MAN-10 Erlan Bakiev, Ph. D Experimental Research

Types of Research Questions Causal relationships Ethical and practical limitations Capable of manipulation conditions Narrow in scope Confounding variables Generally good for micro-level data Convention

History of Experimental Design Wilhelm M. Wundt (1832-1920) Behaviorism Quantification Introduction of anonymity Applied research

Random Assignment

Random Sampling

How to Random Assign

Matching vs. Random Assignment

Experimental Design Logic Language of Experiments Subjects Treatment Pretest Posttest Experimental group Control group

Experimental Design Logic Steps in an Experiment Hypothesis Choose a design Design experiment How to introduce IV How to measure DV Locate subjects Randomly assign subjects Gather pretest data Run experiment Introduce treatment Measure DV Gather posttest data Debrief Analyze data

Experimental Design Logic Control in Experiments Controlling all aspects of the experiment Deception Confederate

Classical Experimental Design

Preexperimental Design

Quasi-experimental Design Two-Group Posttest-Only Interrupted Time Series Equivalent Time Series Latin Square Solomon Four-Group Factorial

Quasi-experimental Design

Internal and External Validity

Internal Validity Threats to internal validity Selection bias History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Experimental mortality Statistical regression

Internal Validity Threats to internal validity Manipulation check Diffusion of treatment Compensatory behavior Experimenter expectancy Double-blind/Single-blind Demand characteristics Placebo effect Manipulation check

External Validity Population generalization Naturalistic generalization Mundane realism Reactivity Hawthorne effect Theoretical generalization Experimental realism

External Validity

Practical Considerations Planning and pilot tests Instructions to subjects Postexperiment interview Debrief

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