Summary of the InternetCAR testbeds Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Jun MURAI(jun@wide.ad.jp) Keisuke UEHARA(kei@wide.ad.jp) Keio University/WIDE Project 28 November 2018

Assumed environment Gas Station Outside Home DSRC PAN Cellular Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Cellular IEEE802.11b Outside Home 28 November 2018

Three different connectivity model models In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer In-vehicle computer Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Model-1: Single Computer model Model-2: Single Router model In-vehicle Router In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer Model-3: Multiple Routers model 28 November 2018

Three different connectivity model models In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer In-vehicle computer Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Model-1: Single Computer model Model-2: Single Router model In-vehicle Router In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer Model-3: Multiple Routers model 28 November 2018

Single computer model For passengers Taxi & DSRC Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Jan 28 2002, Nagoya Press conference　 28 November 2018

Model-1: Single Computer model Definition: One in-vehicle computer is connected to the Internet with one or more communication devices. When using several computers, each computer must have independent communication devices. Problems: There is a network topology dependent part in an IP address. An IP address cannot be used to identify individual in-vehicle computer (automobile). Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Interface ＩＤ SLA 予約 FP NLA TLA sTLA Network topology depend IP Address 28 November 2018

Model-1: Single Computer model Problem: Initiating Connection Mobile Transparency 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Internet Cellular IEEE802.11b 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 28 November 2018

Model-1: Single Computer model Problem: Nomadic (A CN can call out a mobile node) Mobility Transparency (keep a transaction) Proposal: Tunneling An IP packet is encapsulated in an IP packet. IP packet is forwarded with another header. Mobile IPv6 Extending IPv6 Route optimization is enabled. LIN6(Location Independent Network 6) Introducing Location Independent Node ID. An mechanism is exist to map a current IP Address and a Node ID. Dynamic DNS Support only nomadic capability When an automobile move (switch a medium), it register its mapping. It is usable when mapping is issued, which mean a time to initiation a connection. Others Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Internet Tunnel Tunnel Server 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Internet Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::2 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::2 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Tunnel Server 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 3ffe:501:100c:d301::2 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 28 November 2018

Internet Mobile IPv6 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Internet Cellular IEEE802.11b 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 28 November 2018

Three different connectivity model models In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer In-vehicle computer Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Model-1: Single Computer model Model-2: Single Router model In-vehicle Router In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer Model-3: Multiple Routers model 28 November 2018

InternetITS Hi-function Prototype Car Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Model-2: Single Router model Definition: Several computers are connected to in-vehicle network. And there is single router which is connected to the outside. Problem: A network-topology-dependent part exists in an IP address. An IP address cannot be used to identify individual in-vehicle computer (automobile). The network identifier used in a vehicle has to be changed. Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture IP Address Interface ＩＤ SLA 予約 FP NLA TLA sTLA Network topology depend 28 November 2018

Model-2: Single Router model Problem: Initiating Connection Mobile Transparency 3ffe:501:100c:d301:: Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Internet Cellular IEEE802.11b 3ffe:501:100c:e301:: 3ffe:501:100c:d301:: 28 November 2018

Model-2: Single Router model Problem: Nomadic (A CN can call out a mobile node) Mobile transparency (keep a connection) Network auto-configuration in a vehicle End node capability Scalability (There are many nodes in a vehicle.) Proposal: Tunneling An IP packet is encapsulated in an IP packet. IP packet is forwarded with another header. Mobile Network (NEMO: Network Mobility, Network in Motion) Proposal 1: extending Mobile IPv6 Proposal 2: introducing a brand new protocol … Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Internet Tunnel 3ffe:501:100c:d301:: Cellular IEEE802.11b Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Internet Cellular IEEE802.11b 3ffe:501:100c:d301:: 3ffe:501:100c:d301:: 28 November 2018

Internet Tunnel Tunnel Server 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Basic mechanism is same with host mobility. However, the edge of tunnel have to be router. Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Internet Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::2 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::2 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 Src: 3ffe:501:100c:d303::2 Dst: 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 Tunnel Server 3ffe:501:100c:d301::1 3ffe:501:100c:d301::2 3ffe:501:100c:d302::1 28 November 2018

Mobile Network Mobile Network vs Mobile Host Host Mobility: a single node changes its point of attachment (mobile node MN) Network Mobility: a bulk of nodes mobile as a unit one or more IP-subnets connected to the Internet via 1 or more mobile routers (MR) only MR changes its point of attachment Internet AR AR MR MN MR MN Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Mobile Network Mobile Network MR + nodes behind the MR: Fixed nodes: Belong to the mobile network sensors, light, GPS Mobile Nodes: Don’t belong to the mobile network Get Internet access via the mobile network E.g. mobile phone, PDA mobility management must be transparent to nodes behind the MR AR Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture MN AR MR router MN host 28 November 2018

Three different connectivity model models In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer In-vehicle computer Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture Model-1: Single Computer model Model-2: Single Router model In-vehicle Router In-vehicle Router In-vehicle computer Model-3: Multiple Routers model 28 November 2018

Model-3: Multiple Routers model Extension of Mobile Network Cooperation among routers Route Advertisement: A router has to be selected by a node. In-vehicle Router computer Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Model-3: Multiple Routers model Extension of Mobile Network Cooperation among routers Route Advertisement: A router has to be selected by a node. In-vehicle Router computer Under development Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Open issue Move detection Configuring addresses IPv6 over IPv4 L2 trigger L3 connectivity test Configuring addresses Stateless auto-configuration DHCPv6 IP6CP(PPP) DAD (Duplicated Address Detection): needs some second. IPv6 over IPv4 Multiple Interface Preference of Applications Load balancing Fast Handover MANET QoS Security Authentication Encrypting Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Interface management CoA management daemon Each interface is watched by interface management daemon. When an interface is available, an interface management daemon has to setup the interface. It means it has to initiate DHCP, stateless configuration or PPP. When higher priority interface is available, CoA management daemon initiates a switching mechanism. Some devices can be used with IPv4. The automobile has to setup IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel dynamically, when it is used. Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture CoA management daemon Dynamic Tunnel Dynamic Tunnel PPP Stateless Auto-conf. PPP Interface Management daemon Interface Management daemon Interface Management daemon L2 signaling Cellular Packet (PDC-P) PHS 802.11b Try, when disconnected 28 November 2018

IP over DSRC There are two different proposals to use DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) in Japan. IP over PPP over DSRC Broadcast type DSRC (Ethernet type DSRC) We tested both of above. Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Testbeds IPCar (Yokohama) InternetITS (NAGOYA) WIDE Project supports and initiates two projects: IPCar (Yokohama) Aims to Probe System. http://www.IPCar.org/ Providing two types of information in this site. Traffic information weather information 270 cars Citybus camera monitoring http://netcam.expo.ne.jp/probecar/ InternetITS (NAGOYA) Aims to develop a platform for ITS based on the Internet http://www.InternetITS.org/ 1570 cars in Nagoya + 70 cars in Kanagawa Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Probe Information System (Traffic) Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Probe Information System (Rain condition) Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018

Trial in NAGOYA, the first quarter 2002 We tested two types of in-vehicle computers. Single Computer model Single router model Summary of InternetCAR Network architecture 28 November 2018