Digestion “From Food to Feces” How would you digest that? Mmmmm….

Digestive Systems Monogastric Ruminant Modified Monogastric Simple Stomach Man, Pig Ruminant Complex Stomach Cattle, Sheep, Goats Modified Monogastric Simple Stomach with enlarged cecum Horses, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs

Monogastric Included in humans and pigs Characterized by one stomach with one compartment Due to this one stomach, feedstuffs must be in the form of grains as they are easier to digest

Monogastric Comprised of: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Cecum Large Intestine Rectum

Monogastric Mouth Where food enters the digestive tract My teeth are amazingly strong. Did you know chewing is also called MASTICATION? Mouth Where food enters the digestive tract Teeth chew to break down food Enzymatic breakdown of starch begins Saliva is an enzyme which breaks down starch The tongue helps move food around and push it to the next part of the digestive system

Monogastric Mouth

Monogastric Esophagus Tube which carries food from the mouth to the stomach Pushes with a series of muscle contractions called PERISTALSIS.

Monogastric Stomach Chamber where chemicals are added to the food Cells secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes These help break down food into basic carbohydrates, proteins, and fats Some smaller particles are absorbed into the blood stream through the stomach wall

Monogastric Stomach

Monogastric Small Intestine Complex tube which lies in a spiral Absorbs nutrients! Cells produce enzymes to help break down food further

Monogastric Cecum Known as the “blind gut” Located between the small and large intestines Has little function in the monogastric digestive system

Monogastric Large Intestine Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in diameter Main function is the absorption of water Mucous is added to the matter to make it easier to pass through the rest of the system

Monogastric Rectum The terminal portion of the large intestine Leads to the anus where the remaining wastes are passed outside of the body

Monogastric Cecum and Large Intestine

How well do you remember? Liver & Gallbladder Small Intestine Stomach Salivary Glands Cecum Teeth Anus Large Intestine Tongue Esophagus Pyloric Valve Pancreas

Ruminant (Polygastric) Found in goats, sheep, cattle, deer, camels, giraffes, llamas and more Characterized by one stomach with four compartments Used for the digestion of mass quantities of roughages Hay and grasses

Ruminant Comprised of: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Cecum Rumen Reticulum Abomasum Omasum Small Intestine Cecum Large Intestine Rectum

Ruminant Mouth Functions the same as in monogastrics except: What’s up…I’m chewing my Cud…Sometimes I chew over 100 times before swallowing! Mouth Functions the same as in monogastrics except: Ruminants regurgitate their food and re-chew it A cow makes between 40,000-60,000 jaw movements a day chewing

Ruminant Esophagus Same as in a monogastric except: Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed stuffs to be chewed repeatedly

Ruminant What is so grand about regurgitating food? Would you like to eat this? If you did eat this, how efficiently would your body break it down? Your monogastric system was not made to breakdown feed such as this!!!

Ruminant Stomach Compartment 1. Rumen Acts as a large fermentation vat Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of the stomach Stirs it up to more easily find large particles that need to be regurgitated and re-chewed Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large cow!!!

Ruminant Stomach Compartment 2. Reticulum May be considered an extra piece of the rumen Has a large honey comb shape Site of hardware collection Hardware disease Animal will inject metal in the feed. It will collect here Magnets can help keep it from going further

Ruminant Stomach Compartment 3. Omasum Primarily aids in the absorption of water Numerous folds help trap digestive particles to increase the time they stay in the omasum for absorption

Ruminant Stomach Compartment 4. Abomasum Considered the “true stomach” Has the same functions of the monogastric stomach Hydrochloric acid helps with the break down of feedstuffs

Ruminant Stomach Small Intestine

Ruminant The small intestine, cecum, and large intestine have the same functions as the monogastric digestive system

Modified Monogastric Comprised of: Everything in the monogastric except: The cecum is much larger and plays an important role in the digestive process as it is modified Makes up %16 of horses total digestive anatomy

Modified Monogastric Cecum Acts as a large fermentation vat where large amounts of roughages can be broken down more easily Found in horses and rabbits. “I have a really large cecum so that I can digest all my food properly!”