Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical Properties Characteristics that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance.

Physical Properties Density Melting Point Boiling Point

Density The amount of matter in a given space, or volume D=M/V Corn Oil Water Shampoo Dish Detergent Antifreeze Maple Syrup The amount of matter in a given space, or volume D=M/V Example: Oil & Water ________

Changes in States of Matter Change between solid and liquid Melting: Solid → Liquid Freezing: Liquid → Solid Change between liquid and gas Vaporization: Liquid → Gas Evaporation = only on surface of liquid Boiling = inside and on surface of liquid Condensation: Gas → Liquid Change between solid and gas Sublimation: Solid → Gas

Melting and Boiling Point Melting point → the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid Boiling point → the temperature at which a liquid boils, or changes from a liquid to a gas

Other Types of Physical Properties Taste Luster (shine) Flexibility Heat conductivity Electrical conductivity Solubility (ability to dissolve in water.) Shape Viscosity (being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency) Ductility (ability to be hammered thin or stretched into wire without breaking) Malleability (ability to be flattened into thin sheets by hammering or rolling) Color Odor Size Shape Texture Hardness Magnetic Phase of Matter Solubility Elasticity Motion Temperature Show magnet and iron fillings

Examples The front board is white. Table tops are a rectangle. The glass in the windows is an amorphous solid. The faucet is metallic. The globe is magnetic. The odor in the room is pleasant. The soil in the terrarium is organic. The fish tank water is not very viscous. The birds fly. (motion)

Chemical Properties Characteristics that describe the substance’s ability to change into a new substance.

Chemical Properties Reactivity Combustibility Flammability

Reactivity The ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substances

Combustibility The ability of a substance to burn

Flammability The ease with which a material ignites (how easily something catches on fire).

NurdRage Video http://sites.google.com/site/nurdrage/chemistr y-experiments/100-foot-glow-sitck