Models for argumentation A Summary Presentation EN102 Professor Opaleski-DiMeo

Classical Model Basic Strategy: Writer states the claim and gives reasons to prove it. Writer refutes the opponent by showing what is wrong or invalid. Goal : Writer seeks to change opponent's mind and thereby win the argument. Ethos: Writer establishes own character by demonstrating competence, fair-mindedness, and goodwill. May or may not cite research to enhance credibility Logos: Writer appeals to reason to establish a claim and refute the opponent's claim. Pathos: Writer arouses emotions with evocative language and strong examples to strengthen the claim. Use of argumentative techniques: Writer draws on the conventional structures and techniques.

Classical Model of Argumentation: 1. Introduction: captures attention of audience; urges audience to consider your case; try one of the introduction techniques: anecdote, vignette, quote, definition or rhetorical question 2) Statement of Background: narrates the key facts and/or events leading up to your case; sets context; provides any information the audience needs to know about the environment and circumstances that produce the argument, and set up the stakes-what’s at risk in this question. 3) Proposition: states the position you are taking, based on the information you’ve already presented, and sets up the structure of the rest of your argument – (called claim or thesis)

Classical Model of Argumentation 4)Proof: discusses your reasons for your position and provides evidence to support each reason; use 3 appeals: pathos (emotions), logos (logic) and ethos (values/credibility) 5) Refutation: anticipates the leading opposing viewpoint; then demonstrates why your approach is the only acceptable one (i.e. better than your opponents’); one objection with a lengthy rebuttal 6) Conclusion: summarizes your most important points and can include appeals to pathos; connects back to your introduction strategy

Classical Model - Assignment Period 4 B day Go to the class page under “Argument”; scroll down to “Classical Model”. Then, read the three student sample essays( online learning, fate versus free will, and dogs versus cats). Create a chart in Google Docs with the following. You may work with a partner. Identify the following in EACH essay sample The introduction strategy (quote, definition, anecdote, vignette, startling fact, rhetorical question) The three appeals – ethos, logos and pathos The refutation (the counterpoint+ rebuttal) SUBMIT to Turnitin for credit!

Classical Model Draft Write a classical argument (2-3 pages) in which you defend, challenge or qualify the statement: “Bystanders have the responsibility to intervene when there is trouble, conflict or danger.” If you use outside sources, please cite! Submit to Turnitin by 6am as we will be reviewing drafts through there.

Classical Self-Evaluation After composing your own Classical argument and reading a peer’s paper, how well do you think you understand the Classical Model format? What are the strengths of your draft? What are the areas with which you struggled? Do you need any further assistance/resources from me?

Classical Draft Feedback Get a chrome book, log into Turnitin and review my feedback AND your peer’s feedback on your first draft. Be prepared to share out the most valuable suggestion given. Also, resources have been added on the class page under Classical Model to enhance your understanding of appeals.