The American Revolution Section 3: Forming a New Government
The Declaration of Independence, 1776 Preamble: Influence of Locke’s ideas Natural (inalienable) rights: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness (property) Power to govern from “consent of the governed” Body: Lists abuses of the British government towards the colonies Conclusion: Declares the colonies are now to be considered “independent states” and will be joined as the United States of America
Jefferson’s Declaration Ratified by the Second Continental Congress July 4, 1776
The Articles of Confederation 1781-1787 Weak central government No power to: Tax Negotiate treaties with foreign nations Gave individual states too much power Shay’s Rebellion, 1786 Daniel Shays led a rebellion of Massachusetts farmers against the state govt. to protest high taxes Prompted some leaders to call for stronger central govt. to keep order
The U.S. Constitution Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia, 1787 to remake the govt. Important delegates: G. Washington – President of Convention J. Madison – “Father of Constitution” Not present: T. Jefferson – US Ambassador to France J. Adams – Britain S. Adams & P. Henry – not elected as delegate
The American System of Government Federal system: 2 layers of govt. 3 branches: National State-Local Legislative – 2 houses Executive Judicial
Impact of Enlightenement Government exists for “the people” Locke, Hobbes & Rousseau: consent of governed Federal System and 3 Branches of Government Montesquieu: Separation of Powers Bill of Rights (First 10 amendments to Constitution) Voltaire: freedom of speech, religion, expression Beccaria: due process of law, rights of the accused