Cold War Détente 1965 - 1979 November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Détente Review Vietnam War Détente Unit Packs November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

I. Détente November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Détente ii. First Steps in Détente: a. Come in 1963 right after the Cuban Missile Crisis b. Test Ban Treaty: an agreement b/w USA and USSR agreeing to stop testing nuclear weapons above ground or under water c. Hotline: A phone line b/w the leaders of the USA and the USSR so there would be no miscommunication during a crisis. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Détente iii. Other reasons for Détente: a. Sino(China)-Soviet Relations: USSR was arguing with its ally, China during the 1960s and 1970s. This helped détente because neither country wanted to become enemies of the USA November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Détente b. Reasons for argument: 1. Soviets did not want to allow China to pursue certain policies because they did not follow Soviet Party line. Specifically, privatizing agriculture. 2. Chinese resented the USSR for not helping them develop nuclear weapons of their own. 3. Actual fighting in 1972 b/w China and USSR over borders b/w the two countries. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Détente iv. American Diplomacy with China “Ping-Pong Diplomacy” a. Americans saw Sino-Soviet Dispute as an opportunity to improve relations with China. b. Called “ping-pong diplomacy” because the first Americans allowed to go to China went to play ping pong in an exhibition tournament. c. This culminated in American President Richard Nixon’s visit to China in 1972. First American President to set foot on Chinese territory. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Détente v. THE SINO-SOVIET DISPUTE AND IMPROVED RELATIONS B/W THE USA AND CHINA MADE THE SOVIETS VERY ANXIOUS TO REDUCE NECLEAR ARMS. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

II. American-Russian Détente i. The slowdown of the production of nuclear weapons a. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT): was designed to slow down the arms race. It limited the amount of weapons each side could have. Two agreements SALT I - 1972 SALT II - 1979 b. Helsinki Agreements: recognize division b/w western and eastern Europe. 1975 November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

American-Russian Détente c. In these agreements, new Soviet leader, Brezhnev, signs a Declaration of Human Rights. d. It wasn’t worth the paper it was written on. e. Brezhnev comes to power because Khrushchev lost a lot of support over the Cuban Missile Crisis. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

American-Russian Détente ii. Sino-American relations also got better because the Chinese were afraid of the Russians. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

III. The End of Détente - 1979 i. In 1979, The Soviets invade Afghanistan. a. The roots of the war lay in the overthrow of the Afghanistan government (1978) by Communist political parties. b. Soviets saw this as a step towards gaining a warm water sea-port. c. There had been a series of terrorist attacks launched against the Soviets from Afghanistan d. Afghanistan was the Soviet version of Vietnam. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

ii. This invasion set off a new arms race. The End of Détente - 1979 ii. This invasion set off a new arms race. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

The End of Détente - 1979 iii. Arms reduction in the 1980s a. Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START): meant to pick up where SALT left off. Talks ineffective. iv. The Reagan Years (The Neo-Cold War): a. Ronald Reagan hated communists, they were the “evil empire” b. Reagan wanted to be remembered as an all time great President. This meant he couldn’t leave office with the world set for nuclear holocaust. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Ronald Regan November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

The End of Détente - 1979 c. Star Wars: Reagan wanted to mount lasers on satellites to shoot down Soviet missiles. Spent billions. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

The End of Détente - 1979 v. Although Star Wars doesn’t work, it causes the economy of the USSR to collapse as they try to keep up. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

IV. Today vi. Everything was fine until the late 1990s, when the Americans decide to pursue the idea of a “missile defence shield” This angered the Soviets because it violates the ABM Treaty (Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty) and threatened to upset the balance of power. November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente

Détente Terms Détente MAD; Mutual Deterrence SALT I and II Ronald Reagan Leonid Brezhnev ABM Treaty Star Wars Helsinki Agreements Sino-Soviet Relations Richard Nixon November 27, 2018 SS 30 Cold War - Detente