Journal Suppose you were asked to select the best person to be your teacher from among a group of applicants. How would you go about making the selections? What is your definition of intelligence? Will be using foldable or Cornell notes; graphic organizer does not flow with info needed to be captured by students

Psychological Testing: Intelligence What makes us smart? Or not so smart?

Test Reliability Reliability refers to the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions. Test-retest reliability: Test is unreliable because it does not produce a measurement that is stable over time. Example

Test Validity Validity: the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure. Example: A Spanish test will not measure the ability for engineering; a History test will not measure general learning ability; a physical education class will not measure your knowledge of grammar; a Math test that asks questions that were not covered in class does not measure what you learned in class!

Theories of Intelligence No one real definition Fluid versus Crystallized Intelligence

Standardization Test must be standardized. Must be administered and scored the same way every time. Standardization refers to establishing the norm, or average score, made by a large group of ppl. Norms: standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large, well-defined groups of people.

Emotional Intelligence Most believe that intelligence is the ability to acquire new ideas and new behavior and to adapt to new situations. Includes 4 major aspect of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences. Some argue EI is simply a measurement of extroversion (outside of self) Emotional Intelligence

Brain Size and Intelligence Is there a link? Small +.15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores (relative to body size). Using an MRI we found +.44 correlation with brain size and IQ score.

Brain Function and Intelligence Higher performing brains are less active than lower performing brains (use less glucose). Neurological speed is also a bit quicker.

How do we Assess Intelligence? Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to figure out a concept called a mental age (what a person of a particular age should know). They discovered that by discovering someone’s mental age they can predict future performance. Hoped they could use test to help children, not label them.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test Alfred Binet Developed a test to devise a means of picking out “slow learners” so they could be placed in special classes from which they might better profit. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test Intelligence Quotient (IQ): standardized measure of intelligence based on a scale in which 100 is average.

Problems with the IQ Formula It does not really work well on adults, why? If a 60 year old man does as well as an average 35 year old then his IQ would be 50!!!!!! That makes no sense!!!!!

How do we construct an Intelligence Test? Standardized: the questions have been piloted on similar populations and the scores fall on a normal distribution. Reliable: Test-Retest, Split-halves Methods. Validity: Content, Predictive or Construct.

What about Cultural Bias? Cultural Bias is an aspect of an intelligence test in which the wording used in questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than another group. The wording? Good test avoid test questions that can be answered by members of only one cultural or socioeconomic background. How might a test display cultural bias?

Types of Tests Aptitude Achievement Measure ability or talent to predict how well he/she will learn new skill. ACT/SAT: predict student success in college. Tests that measure what you have learned. Achievement tests are assessed primarily on their content validity: how well they measure students’ mastery of a set of knowledge.

Interest Tests Determine a person’s preference, attitudes, and interests. Example: Career

Does Intelligence Change Over Time? By age 3, a child’s IQ can predict adolescent IQ scores. Depends on the type of intelligence, crystallized or fluid.

Extremes of Intelligence Akrit Jaswal

Objective Personality Tests Objective test: a limited-or-forced choice test (in which a person must select one of several answers) designed to study personality characteristics. Minnesota Multiphasic (MMPI) Personality Inventory 10 clinical scales a psychologist looks for patterns of responses.

Rorschach Inkblot Test 10 inkblot cards that elicit emotional responses in people. The theory underlying the test is that anything that someone does or says will reveal an aspect of that person’s personality. Criticized: neither reliable nor valid depending on psychologist’s expectations. Still used today mostly as an intro to therapy

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Series of 20 cards containing pictures of vague but suggestive situations. The individual is asked to tell a story about the picture. Used to urge people to speak freely about their problems

Journal/Review If every time you take a standardized test, your score varies widely, the test has a problem with ____. What test was originally developed to identify “slow learners?” Achievement tests are assessed primarily on their _____. What is cultural bias? Do you agree with the aptitude test such as the ACT/SAT in determining your future success in college? Why or why not? 1. test-retest reliability 2. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 3. Content validity 4. Aspect in which wording may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another group 5. open-ended as long as they answer it!