Mapping Human History.

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Presentation transcript:

Mapping Human History

Microevolution: Four Primary Causes of Microevolution: generation-to-generation change in a population’s frequencies of alleles Below the species level! Four Primary Causes of Microevolution: 1. Genetic Drift 2. Natural Selection 3. Gene Flow 4. Mutation

Genetic Drift is most effective in small populations! 1. Genetic Drift: a change in a population’s allele frequencies due to CHANCE. Genetic Drift is most effective in small populations!

Small Populations May Experience… The Bottleneck Effect- Disasters randomly reduce the population size. The surviving population may not be representative of the original population’s gene pool (a version of genetic drift)

Gene Flow acts in opposition to Genetic Drift! Populations may gain or lose alleles due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations. Gene Flow acts in opposition to Genetic Drift!

Microevolution can lead to “Races” or even new species

Defining a Species: the Biological Species Concept Defines a species as… a population (s) whose members can potentially interbreed in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring, but who can’t produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other species

Reminders about Mitochondria

Weird Things About Mitochondria