Mass Spectrometry.

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Presentation transcript:

Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry technique for measuring the masses and relative abundances of components in a mixture produces a mass spectrum Y-axis: Relative Abundance X-axis: Mass/Charge ratio

Uses: find masses of isotopes in a sample determine structural components of molecules

A magnetic field is used to deflect the ions. A beam of electrons is used to ionize the atoms in the sample Negatively-charged plates attract the ions. sample The ion is detected electrically when it reaches the end of the tube.

Ionization Acceleration electrons are knocked off of sample 1+ ions are generated small proportion of 2+ Acceleration negatively-charged plates attract the ionized particles

Deflection an applied magnetic field deflects (changes the path of) the charged particles degree of deflection - two factors: mass of particle: Lighter particles are deflected more charge of particle (don’t need to consider since most are 1+)

Detection ion hits detection plate  generates a current current is translated into an electrical signal intensity of signal indicates relative abundance in the original sample more intense = more abundant most abundant alter which ions reach the detector by varying the applied magnetic field

example: sample of Cl2 Qualitative Interpretation two distinct isotopes: Cl-35 and Cl-37 Cl-35 is more abundant

Now calculate weighted atomic mass of Chlorine! Quantitative Interpretation higher peak is assigned a relative abundance of 100 translate to percent abundances: Cl-35: 100 Cl-37: 35 % abundance Cl-35: 100 (100+35) x 100% = 74% % abundance Cl-37: 35 (100+35) x 100% = 26% Now calculate weighted atomic mass of Chlorine!

Alternative - Calculating relative atomic mass in one step: Cl-35: 100 Cl-37: 35 Alternative - Calculating relative atomic mass in one step: (100 x 35) + (35 x 37) (100 + 35) = 35.52

Good Animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOGM2gOHKPc