Blood Part 3

Review Agglugogens Refer to the ANTIGENS found on our RED BLOOD CELLS

Review Your body makes antibodies for the antigens it does not have! If a cell has A antigens it makes Anti-B antibodies If a cell has B antigens it makes Anti-A antibodies If a cell has both A and B antigens it doesn’t make any antibodies If a cell has no antigens it makes both Anti-A and Anti- B antibodies

REMEMBER THE Rh FACTOR REFERES TO A GROUP OF ANTIGENS!

Rh Factor If Rh factor means that POSITIVE blood times have the Rh group of ANTIGENS then the Rh NEGATIVE blood types would make a Rh group of ANTIBODIES

Agglutination Recall from earlier A type A red blood cell will have A antigens. It makes antibodies that attach to B type red blood cells (Anti-B Antibodies) Agglutination occurs when antibodies of one type attach to their matching antigen. The result of this is blood clumping together.

Agglutination Example Blood cells with an A antigen will clump when mixed with an Anti-A Antibody Blood cells with a B antigen will clump when mixed with an Anti-B Antibody

Normal Agglutination

Why is This Important to Know?

Blood Transfusions A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body can't make blood properly because of an illness.

Blood Transfusions To be COMPATIBLE, the donated blood must not have any antigens that will be attacked by the recipient’s antibodies We must consider BOTH the ABO and Rh factors when considering a transfusion

Testing for Blood Types Antibody serum is added to a person’s blood samples. Anti-Rh

Testing for Blood Types Antibody serum is added to a person’s blood samples. Anti A- caused agglutination, which means it attached to A antigens on the cell Anti-Rh

Testing for Blood Types Antibody serum is added to a person’s blood samples. Anti-B did not change anything because there were no B antigens to attach to Anti-Rh

Testing for Blood Types Antibody serum is added to a person’s blood samples. Anti-Rh caused agglutination, which means it attached to Rh antigens on the cell Anti-Rh

What is the Person’s Blood Type? Anti-Rh

A+ A+

Donating Blood Since Type O blood has no antigens it can be donated to all recipients and is called the Universal Donor. Since Type AB blood has no antibodies, it can receive blood from all donors and is called the Universal Recipient.

Blood Typing Game http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/landsteiner/landsteiner.html