Cell Respiration

I. Introduction A. Respiration is almost the reverse of photosynthesis 1. products of one are raw materials of the second 2. energy is not recycled, but raw materials are 3. remember that plants have both mitochondria and chloroplasts

B. Photosynthesis and respiration have many things in common 1. ETC 2. electron shuttles 3. ATP synthase 4. multiple steps

C. Need for ATP 1. organelle movement 2. endergonic reactions 3. active transport 4. cilia wagging

D. Redox reactions

E. Electron transport chain 1. hydrogen and oxygen come together explosively 2. by bringing two together at the end of the ETC energy has been dissipated

F. Steps of respiration 1. glycolysis 2. intermediate steps 3. kreb’s cycle 4. electron transport chain 5. chemiosmosisi

A. Introductory comments II. Glycolysis A. Introductory comments 1. ancient process 2. look at name 3. location where it occurs 4. aerobic or anaerobic 5. very little energy released

II. Glycolysis B. Energy of activation 1. substrate is glucose 2. needs to become reactive 3. two ATP are spent 4. notice that one glucose splits into two three carbon fragments 6. this is the reason that it will seem like everything is being doubled 7. two products are called G-3-P

Energy capture phase 1. two methods of extraction 2. first is oxidation by the electron shuttle NAD 3. second is the substrate level phosphorylation 4. products captured 2 NADH 4 gross ATP

D. Products 1. 2 NADH on their way to the ETC 2. ATP Production 3. two molecules of pyruvate Represents a lot of energy still to burn Will find its way into the mitochondria Too big to fit across the membrane

III. Intermediate steps entering the Kreb’s cycle A. Pyruvate too big B. Must be cut down to size C. Necessary accomplices D. Products

IV. Kreb’s Cycle A. Series of redox reactions B. Main product formed is NADH2 as CO2 is split C. Also FADH2 D. Two molecules of ATP E. Destination of electron shuttles

V. ETC A. location B. Events occurring C. Chemiosmosis

VI. ATP Synthase Mechanism Both photosynthesis and respiration Chemiosmosis

VII. Anaerobic respiration a.k.a. fermentation A. Basically glycolysis without oxygen B. oxygen present electron shuttle goes to the ETC C. No oxygen, alternative site needed to dump the oxygen allowing glycolysis to continue D. Electron shuttle reduces pyruvate relieving itself of its electron load E. Can return to the earlier part of glycolysis and oxidize G-3-P eking out a little ATP

Summary of cell respiration

Summary of cell respiration

Summary of cell respiration

Summary of cell respiration

Summary of cell respiration

VI. ATP summary

ETC animation ATP synthetase