HOMEFRONT During WW II During WW II.

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Presentation transcript:

HOMEFRONT During WW II During WW II

EFFECT ON ECONOMY FDR’S Role: Inspire: “Arsenal of democracy” Est. production goals Create agencies to manage economic production

Women’s Part in the War 1/3rd of work force Replaced men in factories and offices – Rosie the Riveter Served in navy & army (clerical) Childcare? NONE: left with relatives or alone Marry younger - many divorce after war

Rosie the Riveters of World War II

Labor Force, 1940-1945 Number (in millions)

Two Early Boards War Production Board: Convert to war prod. Defense Contracts to companies: Produce mosquito nets, shells, tanks, planes, etc. Office Of Price Administration: Control inflation! Control prices/wages Ration: gas, tires, coffee, meat. etc.

Rationing-The government limited the consumption of goods- Distributed Coupon books for products such as coffee, sugar gasoline

The US government wanted Americans to recycle –rubber, metal,paper for war materials

Victory Gardens-After Pearl Harbor-Secretary of Agriculture asked Americans to grow plants and crops for themselves at home!

Office of War Mobilization (Organizing Agency) Est. production priorities, control raw materials for use as war materials “Cost plus” system Cost of production plus a % of profit for company

War Labor Board Supervise labor-management relations – to avoid strikes Smith-Connally Act: Pres. can control war-related industries facing a strike (limits strikes) – 30 day notice United Mine Workers Strike: FDR seized mines briefly War helps union membership: 10 mill. to 13 mill.

Signs of a Booming War Economy GNP: $91 billion to $166 billion Manuf. doubled, farming increased 1939: 6,000 planes 1945: 300,000 planes 2x’s industrial production of all Axis nations combined Changed the “face” of the West coast: defense industries draw large populations

War Bonds sold again! We raised $135 billion for the war effort!

Social Effects of War NATIVE-AMERICANS 25,000 served “Code-talkers” Jobs lure many away from reservations

Effect on Society (cont.) AFRICAN-AMERICANS: Fighting to uphold democracy & end Hitler’s racist regime…and yet… Service in military: segregation, still Jobs draw more North, still discrimination, riots 1941 A. Philip Randolph demands integrated defense industries/FDR’s Fair Employment Practices Commission

Social Effects (cont.) JAPANESE-AMERICANS Propaganda images Pearl Harbor heightens tensions 127,000, largely in Calif.

Japanese-Americans (cont.) Fear of sabotage or aid of invasion Concern about defense industries and security along West Coast Executive Order 9066: War Relocation Authority 100,000 “relocated”

Japanese-Americans (cont.) Desert & mountain camps Deprived of right to due process (5th A.) Some left to attend work or colleges in East Some joined or were drafted in army Nisei Regiment: 442nd

Internment The Japanese American Internment of World War II