Obesity, inflammation, and liver cancer Beicheng Sun, Michael Karin  Journal of Hepatology  Volume 56, Issue 3, Pages 704-713 (March 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.09.020 Copyright © 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Three putative mechanisms for obesity-induced and obesity-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species. Journal of Hepatology 2012 56, 704-713DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2011.09.020) Copyright © 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Adipokines, cytokines, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) can activate various immune cells and cause hepatocytes cell death. Moreover, cell debris, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines can further enhance TNF and IL-6 secretion from Kupffer cells, leading to activation of downstream signaling molecules, such as STAT3 in hepatocytes which contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Journal of Hepatology 2012 56, 704-713DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2011.09.020) Copyright © 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Journal of Hepatology 2012 56, 704-713DOI: (10. 1016/j. jhep. 2011. 09 Copyright © 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Journal of Hepatology 2012 56, 704-713DOI: (10. 1016/j. jhep. 2011. 09 Copyright © 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions