Style , Context & Register MANAR AHMAD AWADA 201050349 FATMAH AHMAD ALLAGHESH 200912643 ZAINAB ALI RANJEER 200810637

Contents : Addressee as an influence on style Accommodation theory Age of addressee Accommodation theory speech convergence Speech divergence Context, style and class Formal contexts and Social roles Colloquial style or the Vernacular The interaction of social class and Styles Style in non-western societies Register Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Addressee as an influence on style the better you know someone, the more relaxed the speech style you will use to them. People use considerably more standard form to those they don’t know well, and more vernacular forms to their friends. - In a study in Northern Ireland, for instance, people used more standard English forms with an English stranger visiting their village then they did talking to a fellow villager. Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Age of addressee people generally talk differently to children and to adult – some adjust their speech style more than other. even 3 years old have been heard using sing-song “ baby talk” words like doggie when talking or writing to a 6 years old as opposed to a 30 years old, most people simpler vocabulary and grammatical construction. Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Accommodation theory: speech convergence and speech divergence when people talk to each other their speech often becomes more similar . this process is called speech accommodation. It tends to happen when the speakers like one another, or where one speaker has a vested interest in pleasing the other or putting them at ease. Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Convergence refers to the process through which an individual shifts his speech patterns in interaction so that they more closely resemble the speech patterns of his interlocutor(s) Divergence is a linguistic strategy whereby a member of a speech community accentuates the linguistic differences between his or herself and his interlocutor. - when the Arab nations issued an oil communiqué to the world not in English, but in Arabic, they were making a clear political statement. Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Formal contexts and Social roles Characteristics of the addressee are a powerful influence on style choice Example : If a student in school and his father is a teacher in this school , he then have to address him with Mr. Ahmed than Dad . This is all because of peoples roles in these formal contexts they have to determine the appropriate speech style . Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Colloquial style or the Vernacular There are other strategies beside topic manipulate which have been used in order to capture people’s most relaxed speech style . Taping groups of people than individual . Choosing a very comfortable or informal setting . Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Example : An interviewer wanted to interview a group of African American teenagers so he went to met them in the street were they met . This kind of interviews increase the number of participants and contribute more relaxed speech . Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

The interaction of social class and Styles When we want to shift styles , the obvious way to vary your speech is to imitate the speech of another person . Example : in order to sound more casual People models their speech on that of a lower social groups . In order to sound more formal they use people from a higher social group as their speech model. So when they shift styles , people often adopt the linguistic feature of a different group . Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

STYLE IN NON – WESTERN SOCIETIES Japanese a special set of grammatical contrasts politeness and respect for others. Knowledge of the complexities of stylistic variation in countries like Japan and Korea reflects a person educational level and social status. Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Although the Islamic revolution has increased the use of reciprocal forms of address, ritual courtesy is still very important in Iranian society. Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

REGISTER Registers , when they are distin-gushed from styles, tend to be associated with particular group of people or sometimes specific situations of use and language of with common interests or jobs Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018

Sports announcer talk when people describe a sporting event , the language they use is quite clearly distinguish able from language used in other contexts. sport announcers make extensive use of linguistic formulas and routines I will illustrate :each of these features in turn 1- syntactic reduction 2- Syntactic inversion Language , Society & Culture 11/23/2018