The 16pf in Vocational Assessment Instructor: Emily Bullock Yowell PSY 614

Introduction Initial publication in 1949 with the most recent version in its 5th edition published in 1993. Manual updated in 2009 Originally developed by Raymond B. Cattell using a factor-analytic, empirical approach to understanding the basic dimension of human personality Began by systematically analyzing the English language adjectives used to describe personality Eventually derived 16 primary personality factors Among the more commonly used personality assessments Translated into over 40 languages with confirmation that the factor structure exists in a variety of cultures

Description Objective measure of normal personality Has been used with or for the following: Educational achievement Creativity Leadership Interpersonal skills Marital Adjustment Psychological Adjustment Occupational Profiling Most commonly associated with use in career development settings

Administration 185 items available online or paper-and- pencil format 25-50 minute administration time Appropriate for ages 16-82 Adolescent version for ages 11-22 3 choice response format with ? As the middle choice option

Norm Group Sample: 10,261 (49.9% male; 77.9% White) Age range: 16-82 (Mean age: 32.7) Majority had “at least some college” From 5 regions throughout the U.S.

Reliability & Validity Internal Consistency In the primary scales ranges from .68 (Dominance-E & Openness to Change-Q1) to .87 (social boldness) in the norm group In the Global scales ranges from .81 (independence) to .90 (extraversion & anxiety) Test retest (2 month interval) Ranging from .56 to .81 across all primary and global scales Construct Validity Found to be correlated as predicted with the Personality Research Form, NEO-PI-R, California Psychological Inventory, and the Myers-Briggs Predictive Validity Predictive of appropriate employee selection, job stress & burnout, as well as a variety of other work-related and non- work factors Extensive evidence supporting the details of these validity-related correlations is provided in the 2009 manual

Interpretation First, review Response Style scales If any indices is in the extreme range, generate hypotheses about the examinee’s test-taking attitude Second, evaluate the Global Factor Scales Third, evaluate the Primary Scales Extreme scores in a profile usually indicate an examinee’s most distinctive traits The greater numbers of extreme scores, the more distinctive the personality expression is likely to be Scores are reported in Stens (Standardized ten) Range of 1-10 Mean of 5.5; SD 2 Historically scores of 4-7 have been considered to be in the average range

16PF Scores-Global Factors Extraversion (Introverted-Extraverted) Independence (Accommodating-Independent) Tough-Mindedness (Receptive-Tough Minded) Self-Control (Unrestrained-Self-Controlled) Anxiety (Low Anxiety-High Anxiety) Reported to be similar to the Big Five Personality Factors (but not exact) Comprised of a variety of the Primary Factors

16PF Scores-Primary Factors Warmth (reserved, impersonal-warm, attentive to others) Reasoning (concrete thinking-conceptual thinking) Emotional stability (emotionally changeable- emotionally stable) Dominance (Deferential, cooperative- dominant, assertive) Liveliness (serious, restrained-Lively Spontaneous) Rule-Consciousness (non-conforming, expedient-rule-conscious, dutiful) Social Boldness (shy, timid-socially bold) Sensitivity (Unsentimental-Sensitive, sentimental)

16PF Scores-Primary Factors Vigilance (accepting, trusting-vigilant, suspicious) Abstractedness (Practical, grounded- abstracted, imaginative) Privateness (forthright, genuine-private, discreet) Apprehension (self-assured, unworried- apprehensive, worried) Openness to change (traditional-open to change) Self-Reliance (affiliative-self reliant, individualistic) Perfectionism (tolerant of disorder- perfectionistic) Tension (composed, relaxed-tense, driven)

Interpretive Report The 16pf is available with several interpretive reports 16PF Career Development Report 16PF Cattell Comprehensive Personality Interpretation 16PF Competency Report Suite 16PF Interpretive Report 16PF Karson Clinical Report 16PF Leadership Coaching Report 16PF Management Potential Report 16PF Practitioner Report 16PF Profile & Manager Feedback Report 16PF Profile Report 16PF Protective Services Report 16PF Talent Management Guide 16PF Teamwork Development Report

Interpretive Report The Career Development Report states that the following 5 areas of behavior are covered in this report: Problem-solving resources Patterns for coping with stressful conditions Interpersonal interaction styles Organizational role and work-setting preferences Career activity interests

Career Development Report Scores Leadership/Subordinate Role Patterns Leadership Roles Subordinate Role Patterns Leadership/Subordinate Interaction Roles Career Interest Scores Influencing Organizing Creating Helping Analyzing Producing Venturing