Modulation by aspirin of nuclear phospho–signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 expression: Possible role in therapeutic benefit associated.

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Modulation by aspirin of nuclear phospho–signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 expression: Possible role in therapeutic benefit associated with aspirin desensitization John W. Steinke, PhD, Jeffrey A. Culp, MD, Elizabeth Kropf, BS, Larry Borish, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 124, Issue 4, Pages 724-730.e4 (October 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031 Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Modulation by aspirin and other NSAIDs of CysLT1R and FcεRIα IL-4–induced transcript expression. Gene expression was induced by IL-4 (10 ng/mL), and its inhibition by aspirin (ASA; 0.1-10 mmol/L), ketorolac (10 mmol/L), and sodium salicylate (10 mmol/L) was evaluated by means of quantitative PCR. Data are expressed as the fold increase compared with unstimulated THP-1 cells. Dark gray bars, CysLT1R; light gray bars, FcεRIα. ∗P < .05 compared with IL-4 alone. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 EMSA for the STAT6 site in the CysLTR1 promoter. A, Nuclear extracts were obtained from THP-1 mononuclear cells under unstimulated, IL-4–stimulated (10 ng/mL), and IL-4–stimulated in the presence of aspirin (ASA; 10 mmol/L) conditions. STAT6 binding was evaluated by means of competition with 30- to 1000-fold molar excess of unlabeled STAT6 consensus but not a mutant probe, as well as by supershifting with anti-STAT6, anti-pSTAT6, and anti-Stat4 antibodies. B, Relevance to normal tissue was evaluated by using nuclear extracts derived from enriched peripheral blood–derived mononuclear phagocytes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Modulation of STAT6 EMSA results by aspirin (ASA) and other NSAIDs. EMSAs were performed as previously described. Nuclear extracts (NE) were obtained from THP-1 mononuclear cells in the resting state, stimulated with IL-4 (10 ng/mL), and stimulated with IL-4 in the additional presence of aspirin (10 mmol/L), lysine aspirin (10 mmol/L), sodium salicylate (10 mmol/L), or ketorolac (10 mmol/L). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 EMSAs for the STAT6 site in LTC4S promoter. EMSAs were performed as described for CysLT1R. Confirmation of STAT6 engagement of consensus promoter sequence was confirmed by means of competition with 30- to 1000-fold molar excess of unlabeled STAT6 consensus but not a mutant probe, as well as by supershifting with anti-STAT6 but neither of the control (NF-κB or Stat4) antibodies. ASA, Aspirin. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Western hybridization of nuclear extracts. Nuclear extract proteins were separated on an SDS polyacrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. The presence of pSTAT6 was determined by means of probing with an anti-pSTAT6 antibody and chemiluminescent detection. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

IL -4 inhibition of stimulated mPGES-1 mRNA expression IL -4 inhibition of stimulated mPGES-1 mRNA expression. IL-4 was added to monocytes (10 ng/mL) alone or with either LPS (1 μg/mL) or IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Cells were incubated for 16 hours before RNA was collected. After reverse transcription of 200 ng of RNA, PCR was performed with primers specific for mPGES-1 and the housekeeping gene β-actin as a positive control. Products were quantified by using real-time PCR with syber-green detection and reported as a fold change in comparison with unstimulated monocytes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

IL-4 inhibits monocyte prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion IL-4 inhibits monocyte prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. IL-4 was added to the cells (10 ng/mL) alone or with either LPS (1 μg/mL) or IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Cells were incubated for 24 hours before supernatants were collected. Prostaglandin E2 levels were measured by means of ELISA and reported as picograms per milliliter. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 724-730.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.031) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions