Make sure you revise the following:

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Presentation transcript:

Make sure you revise the following: Electrolysis Make sure you revise the following: What is electrolysis? Electrolysis of sodium chloride Electrolysis of copper Half equations (Higher tier) Neutralisation reactions Naming salts

What is Electrolysis? Electrolysis is used to split ionic substances into elements. Electrolysis involves passing an electric current through ionic substances that are molten or dissolved so that ions are free to move. During electrolysis, positive ions move to the negative electrode and negative electrons move to the positive electrode.

Electrolysis of sodium chloride The electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution produces hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution. Positive hydrogen ions (H+) move to the negative electrode, gain electrons (reduction) and become hydrogen gas Negative chlorine ions (Cl-)move to the positive electrode, lose electrons and become chlorine gas Sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) are left in the solution.

Purifying Copper The method of purifying copper is called electrolysis. Impure copper is made at the positive electrode. The pure copper is made at the negative electrode. The impurities collect at the bottom of the tank.

Half equations – Higher tier (electrolysis of copper) At the anode (positive electrode): 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e- (loss of electrons) At the cathode (negative electrode): 2Cu+ + 2e-  2Cu (gain electrons) Oxidation = gain oxygen/loss of electrons Reduction = loss of oxygen/gain electrons

Oxidation or reduction?

Neutralisation Reactions ACID BASE/ ALKALI SALT WATER +  + H20(l) H+ (aq) + OH-(aq)  During a neutralisation reaction, an acid reacts with an alkali or base to produce a salt and water. The hydrogen ions from the acid (H+) react with the hydroxide ions (OH-) from the alkali. The H+ cancels out the OH- to give a neutral product (no charge)

Naming Salts Hydrochloric acid produces chlorides Sulphuric acid produces sulphates Nitric Acid produces nitrates Alkali/Base Acid Salt? Calcium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid Calcium chloride Magnesium oxide Nitric acid Magnesium Nitrate Calcium carbonate Sulphuric acid Calcium Sulphate Aluminium hydroxide Aluminium Nitrate Potassium hydroxide Potassium Sulphate