Resistance Management Evolved resistance, cross resistance, and overall loss of efficacy Use of insect resistance management (IRM) plans Need constant monitoring and improvement Larger and closer refuges Need farmer compliance for IRM plans 30% non-compliance for Bt corn (EPA 2000) Protect the long-term efficacy of Bt corn
Bt Corn Registration Conditional, one-year registration New studies: ecological, allergen, immunological Maintenance of larger, closer refuges Fund independent resistance monitoring efforts Effective plans for IRM compliance and remedial action