Chapter 21 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY The American Nation In the Modern Era 3/31/2017 Chapter 21 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Section 2: The Kennedy White House Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society CHAPTER 21--THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY

Objectives: Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War How did television coverage influence the presidential election of 1960? How did President Kennedy plan to stop the spread of communism? Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba fail? How did the Cuban missile crisis almost lead to war?

Television coverage and the election of 1960 Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Television coverage and the election of 1960 Prior to debates, Nixon led in the polls. Debates showed Kennedy vibrant and Nixon tired. Radio listeners thought Nixon had won, but TV viewers thought Kennedy won. Kennedy won election by narrow margin.

Kennedy’s plan to stop communism Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Kennedy’s plan to stop communism The strategy was called flexible response. Military actions included the Bay of Pigs invasion. Non-military programs included the Peace Corps and economic aid such as Alliance for Progress.

Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion strong Cuban counterattacks absence of a popular revolt lack of air strikes lack of naval and air support

The Cuban missile crisis Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War The Cuban missile crisis Soviet Union installed offensive missiles in Cuba. U.S. blockaded Cuba to force the Soviet Union to remove the missiles.

Objectives: Section 2: The Kennedy White House How did President Kennedy’s image conflict with reality? Why did Kennedy have difficulty getting legislation passed? How did the Kennedy administration try to help poor Americans? How did Americans respond to the death of the president?

Kennedy’s image Section 2: The Kennedy White House presented picture of health and vitality carefully controlled avoided photographs of the president wearing reading glasses struggles with illness (back trouble, Addison’s disease) hidden

Difficulty passing legislation Section 2: The Kennedy White House Difficulty passing legislation A coalition of southern Democrats and conservative Republicans in Congress opposed Kennedy’s programs.

Kennedy’s help for poor Americans Section 2: The Kennedy White House Kennedy’s help for poor Americans supported passage of the Area Redevelopment Act was working on more antipoverty legislation when assassinated

Response to assassination Section 2: The Kennedy White House Response to assassination deep mourning shock, fear, and outrage the Warren Commission

Objectives: Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society How did President Johnson’s War on Poverty affect American communities What problems did the Great Society programs address? How did the Warren Court expand individual liberties? Why did support for the Great Society programs decline during the late 1960s?

Johnson’s War on Poverty Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society Johnson’s War on Poverty Office of Economic Opportunity coordinated programs such as job training. Head Start program provided pre-school education for low-income families. Volunteers in Service to America provided a domestic Peace Corps. American Indians allowed to run their own antipoverty programs.

The Great Society Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society health care (Medicare, Medicaid) education (Elementary and Secondary Education Act) housing (Omnibus Housing Act) cultural programs environmental protection acts

The Warren Court Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society ruled that electoral districts had to have the same number of voters declared that states had to provide lawyers to impoverished defendants ruled that the accused had the right to have a lawyer present during police investigations declared that accused persons had to be informed of their rights at the time of arrest

Decline in support for the Great Society Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society Decline in support for the Great Society Vietnam War diverted funds and attention. Speed of legislation worried some members of Congress. Republicans gained congressional seats in 1966 elections. Some state and local politicians disliked federal control of programs.