Regeneration - Enquiry Question 3 How regeneration is managed? 4A.7 UK government policy decisions play a key role in regeneration. Infrastructure investment (high speed rail, airport development) in order to maintain growth and improve accessibility to regenerate regions. (P: national government facilitate regeneration often in partnerships with charities and developers) Rate and type of development (planning laws, house building targets, housing affordability, permission for 'fracking') affecting economic regeneration of both rural and urban regions. (A: Government actions may prioritise national over local needs and opinions.) UK government decisions about international migration and the deregulation of capital markets ( enabling foreign investment in prime London real estate) have significant impacts on the potential for growth and both direct and indirect investment. (P: Government may create open or closed doors policies)

Regeneration - The Role of national government: Types of Development By the end of this lesson you will have: Learnt how the role of the national government is pivotal in successful regeneration schemes Explored how types of development is key in regeneration schemes Looked at fracking permission and social housing permission

Types of development TASK: Read page 248 and answer the following questions 1. Who are the main players in regeneration? 2. What types of decisions are made? 3. What were the main types of regeneration in the 1960’s and 70’s? 4. Why has there been a growing trend for less ‘top down’ strategies? 5. Which programme was axed in 2010 because it caused more problems for the ‘local people’ than solving issues?

Austerity regeneration policies Austerity = difficult economic conditions created by government measures to reduce public expenditure. In 2010 the coalition government at the time funded less. Any funding had to prove economic gains: 39 Local Enterprise Partnerships were given responsibility for housing and infrastructure City Deals which encourage local authorities to bid for funding to create ‘sustainable smarter cities’ but these don't always target the most disadvantaged. Coalfields Regeneration Trust, special cases which receive funding from closure of coal pits Directly elected Mayors – e.g Liverpool and London

Government Planning There are many government laws, restrictions and permissions which impact regeneration schemes As we have seen, there are 4 key ‘over-arching’ or top down policies under current Conservative rule There are also many factors affecting the TYPE of regeneration policy in a place (see figure 17.2 on page 249) Government planning has three aspects: Planning Laws Planning for Fracking Planning for Housing Needs

Government Planning - Planning Laws TASK: Using page 248, make quick notes on each of the following bullet points (a sentence each) 1948 - 2010 National Planning Policy Framework – Planning Gain – Slow decision making - Planning proposals -

Government Planning - Planning For Fracking Fracking is a way of obtaining gas from shale rock by hydraulic fracturing It is seen as a national priority by the Government It is seen as a government regeneration scheme, but will only be done in certain areas This creates conflict between local and national governments as most people do not want fracking to happen in their locality In this case, a national agenda is overriding local agendas Friends of the earth http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,876880045001_2062814,00.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uti2niW2BRA

What does the location of fracking sites tell us about the Government’s view of richer and poorer counties?

Planning for Housing Needs Labour governments favour social housing (owned by the state but people live there at a very low rate) Conservatives favour a market-led approach (buy your own house) There is now a distinct lack of social housing and affordable homes (more expensive homes make more money for the companies) Housing is central to wellbeing as well as place perception An ode to social housing

Write up ‘Explain why aspects of government planning have an impact on the management of regeneration’ (8)