Revolutionary Outcomes

Establishing a government Republic Power given to the people Questions How should the government be set up? Who should participate? How could a government be set up so that opposing groups of citizens would all have a voice?

Revolution or Evolution? Egalitarian Trend of thought that favors equality for ALL people How egalitarian was it? Patriots elites began to rise Think – who do we know? George Washington, Alexander Hamilton

Voting Rights Expand Rise in belief of equality Ability, effort, virtue, not wealth, or family Only applied to white males Women, Native Americans, and African Americans left out After Revolution, some states replaced property qualifications with taxpaying requirements

Women Many women were politically active during war Boycotts Raised money “Republican motherhood” Raise next generation of Patriots Instill democratic principles in children Virtuous citizens Education – mothers have to educate sons, so mothers had to be educated Abigail Adams (1776)- “Remember the Ladies” Still viewed as inferior to men

African-Americans at War Thousands of slaves gained freedom by enlisting Washington allowed African Americans to join Continental Army 5,000 African Americans joined army and militias After the Revolution, states realized slavery did not fit in with ideas of liberty and equality Many northern states abolished slavery Discrimination South relied heavily still on slave labor for agricultural economy

Revolution and Religion A movement for separation of church and state Freedom of religion

Economic Changes End of Mercantilism Loyalist property divided up American economy now open to new markets & trade relationships Opened western territory Loyalist property divided up Growth of American manufacturing Boycotts and non-importation forced American development for domestic manufacturing

Economic Problems American ships are barred from British and West Indies State governments in debt Inflations - states individually printed money Average citizens are worse off financially

State Constitutions New states created constitution to put republican ideals into practice Guaranteed specific rights for citizens Freedom of speech, religion, press Liberty Continental Congress Delegates came together and proposed a new type of government States draft a new constitution Articles of Confederation created national government

State Constitutions and Governments Common aspects Weak executive and judicial branches Legislature given important powers Annual elections Had bill of rights

Creating the Government Revolutionary Continental Congress No authority 1776- Continental Congress called for a committee to draft a constitution for the new action 1777- Articles of Confederation  Confederation Congress

Articles of the Confederation A unicameral Congress 9 of 13 states to make a law - difficult 13 of 13 states to amend – impossible Representatives frequently absent Could not tax, raise armies or regulate trade - due to fear a government like King George No executive to sign or enforce the law No President No judicial branch to settle disputes between the states

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 A law on how to govern the Old Northwest Our nation was deciding how to deal with its colonies No slavery Subordinate to federal gov

International Relations Britain: For 8 years Britain refused to send an ambassador to America Kept forts Spain Closed Mississippi River to American commerce Kept fort French Demanded repayment of money loaned to US and restricted trade with French West Indies and French ports

Federalist v. Antifederalists Federalist – strong central gov Hamilton Anti-federalist – leave power to states Jefferson

Shay’s Rebellion Where: Western Mass. 1786 Fight over boundaries In 1787 a small group of small farmers protested against the foreclosure of farms and Massachusetts government Why? They were in debt, their homes being repossessed (foreclosure) and unfair taxation Led by Daniel Shays