ELECTRO-PRO V14 THE ONLY COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS TESTER HISTORY & TECHNOLOGY PRESENTATION

THE EVOLUTIONARY CHAIN OF BATTERY TESTING TECHNOLOGIES First Generation - Physical Load Voltage Tester Second Generation - Electronic Battery Testers/ Simulated Load Voltage Third Generation – Dynamic Load Voltage Tester

THE 1ST GENERATION: PHYSICAL LOAD VOLTAGE TESTER BCI Automotive Battery Test Load Procedure Connect the voltmeter and load test leads to the battery terminals. Be sure that the load switch test is in the “OFF” position. Apply a load test equal to ½ of the CCA rating of the battery at 0oF (-17.8oC) for 15 seconds. Remove Load. Estimate or measure battery temperature and compare voltage readings with the “Voltage Chart”. If the Voltage is less than the minimum specified, replace the battery. Voltage Chart Estimated Electrolyte Temperature Min. required voltage under load @ 15 seconds 70oF (21oC) & Above 9.6 V 60oF (16oC) 9.5 V 50oF (10oC) 9.4 V 40oF (4oC) 9.3 V 30oF (-1oC) 9.1 V 20oF (-7oC) 8.9 V 10oF (-12oC) 8.7 V 0oF (-17.8oC) 8.5 V

PROBLEMS WITH 1ST GENERATION TESTERS Battery must be at least 75% charged (12.45V). If not, battery must be charged manually (battery charger). Time consuming. Imprecise equipment can give false results. Too many tools. Has to “rest” (cool off) between tests. Technician has to know and follow the “recipe” to perform test. Puts a physical load on the battery, with risk of shortening its life.

THE 2ND GENERATION: SIMULATED LOAD VOLTAGE (SLV) TESTING TECHNOLOGIES Based on the BCI load test, this is today’s most popular type of automotive battery testing. The two major technologies used are: Conductance testing Micro-load testing

MICRO LOAD TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED Small load is applied to battery, which drops initial voltage Looks at battery voltage recovery Small load is applied a 2nd time to battery, which drops voltage again Final look at battery recovery leads to determination of battery status Note: Some testers perform a 3rd Micro Load test.

CONDUCTANCE TESTING EXPLAINED Conductance is a measurement of the battery's ability to produce current. It is a measure of the plate surface available in the battery, which determines how much power the battery can supply. The tester creates a small signal that is sent through the battery Measures a portion of the AC current response. Determines the battery condition.

POSITIVE ASPECTS OF 2ND GENERATION BATTERY TESTERS Easy to use Work very well with fully charged batteries Work very well with batteries out of vehicle Fast Avoid most drawbacks of first generation testers Do not put physical load on batteries Excellent tool to manage battery stock (battery rotation)

PROBLEMS WITH 2ND GENERATION BATTERY TESTERS Affected by all other loads applied on the battery (Not recommended to test battery if still connected to vehicle’s battery terminals/ cables) The greater the discharge, the less reliable the test result - Will give “Charge and Retest” test results on great majority of discharged batteries Easily fooled by surface charges

AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY TESTING The 4 Factors That Influence Battery Test Results Battery Temperature Battery Size Age/Condition State Of Charge All these factors have to be measured to correctly determine the battery status Battery State of Charge Initial Voltage Percentage of charge 12.66 Volts 100 % 12.45 Volts 75% 12.24 Volts 50% 12.06 Volts 25% 11.89 Volts Discharged

“CHARGE AND RETEST” Fact: All battery testers try to determine the battery condition by measuring the internal resistance. Of the 4 factors determining internal resistance, the state of charge resistance is the only parameter that can be influenced (by charge). It has such a high influence when the battery is discharged that it must be nullified for an accurate result. High internal resistance created by discharged battery (light blue) overwhelms other conditions. Test result = “Charge & Retest” The internal resistance is the sum of these 4 conditions.

THE 3RD GENERATION: DYNAMIC LOAD VOLTAGE TESTING ELECTRO-PRO V14

ELECTRO-PRO V14: HISTORY The Electro-Pro V14 is a result of years of development & field testing by battery testing experts, battery manufacturers and governmental R&D laboratories.

DYNAMIC LOAD VOLTAGE TESTING EXPLAINED The Electro-Pro uses high frequency scanning to measure and perform digital signal processing on voltage, charge acceptance and battery condition simultaneously while the engine is running or the battery is charging. This enables it to determine accurately the condition of all batteries including completely discharged batteries.

3RD GENERATION: TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED Pulsed impedance testing uses a very high frequency load pulse on a battery while the engine is running or the battery is charging to directly measure its internal resistance. The frequency is high enough that any parasitic loads that may be draining the battery do not influence its readings. The high frequency and the digital signal processing is advanced enough that the readings it makes are not even affected by an alternator charging a battery. Uses the battery’s internal resistance and other parameters to calculate its condition. Can accurately assess the condition of a completely discharged battery in a test that takes up to 4 minutes. With a partially discharged battery, the test is considerably shorter (30 sec.) All tests yield a usable test result. No results of “Charge & Retest”.

DYNAMIC LOAD VOLTAGE TESTING EXPLAINED 4) When tester has gathered enough information from the charge acceptance versus battery condition graph, it makes an extremely accurate projection of what the battery’s condition will be when fully charged, using proprietary algorithms. 3) Tester monitors charge volts. 1) Through the amps probe, the tester monitors the charge acceptance. 2) Tester begins to determine what the battery’s condition will be when fully charged (at least 9.6V).

3 TESTS IN 1 - STARTING/BATTERY PARASITIC AMPS DRAIN IMPORTANT: Tests not only the battery condition but also the two most common sources of problems for a discharged or defective battery: Charging system (Alternator/Regulator) Parasitic Drain

DYNAMIC LOAD VOLTAGE TEST Quick test (30 sec. normally up to 4 minutes for flat batteries) Needs 1 volt in battery to perform test. Menu driven test Tests and give you a test result every single time for all batteries, even bad/discharged/flat/shorted cell/ high resistance/sulphated batteries Tests battery condition, alternator/regulator, parasitic drain and terminal/clamp connection in same test. Customer does not come back for battery replaced unnecessarily (when bad alternator or high parasitic drain not tested) Complete printed test result (battery condition, alternator/regulator and parasitic drain) Battery stays in vehicle when tested Warning if there’s a chance of creating electrical damage to vehicle No rest (cool off period) between tests. User friendly. Does not put physical load on battery.

THE ONLY COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS TOOL Battery Simulated Load Voltage Test Managed Mode (Battery, Alternator and Parasitic Drain) Test Starter Motor Test Alternator/ Regulator Test Fuel Injector Test Current Measurement/ Amps Probe Automotive Digital Multimeter RPM & Dwell Meter THE ONLY COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS TOOL

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Downloads last 250 test results directly from tester to PC Provides detailed info such as battery CCA, alternator, post/clamp voltage drop and parasitic drain condition and measurements Time and Date stamp for each test Exports easily to Excel spreadsheet

CASE STUDY 1: AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY TESTERS COMPARISON FEATURING: 2 Automotive 2nd Generation Battery Testers The Electro-Pro V14 75 Used Automotive Batteries, randomly selected

During the charging process, this battery exploded.. While the other testers’ initial message was “Charge and Retest”, the Electro-Pro message was: “Shorted Cell-Jump Start Caution”. SAFETY ISSUE

RESULTS – ALL 75 BATTERIES

RESULTS – DISCHARGED BATTERIES

RESULTS - % WITH NO USABLE TEST RESULT

RESULTS – BATTERY VOLTAGE VERSUS “NO USABLE TEST RESULT”

CONCLUSIONS ALL TESTERS WORK WELL ON FULLY CHARGED BATTERIES BELOW 10.6 VOLTS (THE MAJORITY OF BATTERIES THAT WILL NEED TESTING) , 2nd GENERATION TESTERS ONLY GAVE RESULTS OF “CHARGE & RETEST”. ELECTRO-PRO V14 GAVE A USABLE TEST RESULT 100% OF TIME, EVEN DOWN TO LESS THAN 2 VOLTS

THE ONLY COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS TOOL Battery Simulated Load Voltage Test Managed Mode (Battery, Alternator and Parasitic Drain) Test Starter Motor Test Alternator/ Regulator Test Fuel Injector Test Current Measurement/ Amps Probe Automotive Digital Multimeter RPM & Dwell Meter THE ONLY COMPLETE AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS TOOL