GIS FOR HYDROLOGIC DATA DEVELOPMENT FOR DESIGN OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE FACILITIES by Francisco Olivera and David Maidment Center for Research in Water Resources.

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Presentation transcript:

GIS FOR HYDROLOGIC DATA DEVELOPMENT FOR DESIGN OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE FACILITIES by Francisco Olivera and David Maidment Center for Research in Water Resources University of Texas at Austin Transportation Research Board 77th Annual Research Meeting January 11-15, 1998 Session No. 80 TRB ID Number: 981259

OBJECTIVE To develop a user-friendly geographic information system (GIS) that calculates: The main hydrologic parameters of the watershed. The flood discharges for different return periods at any given location (according to the USGS/TxDOT regional equations).

HYDROLOGIC PARAMETERS OF THE WATERSHED A: contributing drainage area L: stream length SL: stream slope SH: watershed shape factor (SH = L2/A) CN: average curve number

FLOOD DISCHARGES According to the Regional Equations for Estimation of Peak-Streamflow Frequency for Natural Basins in Texas (USGS, 1997), flood discharges can be expressed as: where a, b, c, and d are given parameters that depend on the hydrologic region, and T is the return period.

POTENTIAL EXTREME PEAK DISCHARGES According to the Documented and Potential Extreme Peak Discharges ... in Texas (USGS, 1995), flood discharges can be expressed as: where a and b are given parameters that depend on the hydrologic region.

DEM-Based Topographic Analysis

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM)

HYDROLOGIC (RASTER-)GIS FUNCTIONS

FLOW DIRECTION Water flows to one of its neighbor cells according to the direction of the steepest descent. Flow direction takes one out eight possible values.

FLOW ACCUMULATION Flow accumulation is a measure of the drainage area in units of grid cells.

STREAM DEFINITION All grid cells draining more than 250 cells (user-defined threshold) are part of the stream network.

STREAM SEGMENTATION Stream segments (links) are the sections of a stream channel connecting two successive junctions, a junction and the outlet, or a junction and the drainage divide.

WATERSHED DELINEATION All grid cells flowing towards a specific stream segment (link) constitute its watershed or drainage area.

DELINEATED STREAMS OF THE AUSTIN AREA (Streams delineated from a 100-foot DEM)

Flood Discharge and Watershed Parameter ArcView Extension

WATERSHED AND STREAM DELINEATION The watershed of a user-defined outlet, and its longest flow path are delineated automatically.

WATERSHED PARAMETERS AND FLOOD DISCHARGES Watershed parameters and flood discharges for different return periods are calculated.

VELOCITY FIELD where V: flow velocity S: terrain slope A: drainage area p, q, r: calibration parameters.

FLOW TIME AND ISOCHRONE LINES Flow time in each grid cell is equal to the flow length divided by the flow velocity. Changes in color correspond to isochrone lines.

Potential Extreme Peak Discharge Grid

POTENTIAL EXTREME PEAK DISCHRAGES A grid of potential extreme peak discharges has been precomputed. Grid values can be queried using the built-in ArcView query tool.

CONCLUSIONS A GIS for calculating hydrologic parameters, such as design flows, has been developed. The accuracy of the results depends on the resolution of the spatial data used as input. This GIS is not bound to any specific spatial data and can be applied -- after minor modifications -- to any other geographic region of the country. Equations derived for the National Flood Frequency (NFF) computer program can be included in the GIS and extend its applicability to the entire nation.