Tissue, organs and organ systems Foundations in Biology Block 1B – Cell division, cell diversity and cellular organisation 2.1.6 Tissue, organs and organ systems

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Tissues, organs and organ systems Learning Objectives Success Criteria Know the organisation of cells into tissues Grade D-E describe the organisation of cells into tissues, organs and organ systems Grade C explain role of tissues and organs Grade A To describe the organisation of tissues, organs and organ systems

Animal tissues – Read through 157-156 Tissue type Brief description Adaptation Examples Nervous tissue Adapted to support the transmission of electrical impulses Made up of neurones Found throughout the CNS and branching peripheral nervous system Muscle tissue Adapted to contract (shorten in length) and cause movement Highly vascularised. Cells are called fibres, elongated, they contain organelles called myofilaments made of contractile proteins actin and myosin. Skeletal – attached to bone Cardiac – makes up walls of heart Smooth – intestine, blood vessels, urinary tract and uterus Connective tissue Adapted to either hold other tissues together or as a transport medium Firm and flexible composed of fibres of proteins elastin and collagen, and polysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, traps water) embedded in an extracellular matrix. Blood, bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments. Epithelial tissue Adapted to cover body surfaces, internal or external Cells form sheets connected by tight junctions and desosomes. They receive nutrients by diffusion from tissue fluid. Short life cycles. Ciliated – cilia on surface, mucus swept from lungs. Has goblet cells- release mucus to trap pathogens Squamous - One cell thick – flat = rapid diffusion

Plant tissues – Read through Pages 159-160 Tissue type Brief description Adaptation Epidermis tissue Adapted to cover plant surfaces Usually covered by waxy, waterproof cuticle. Stomata, formed by guard cells. Vascular tissue – Xylem Adapted to transport water and minerals Elongated dead cells, strengthened by lignin. Vascular tissue - phloem Adapted to transport organic nutrients ie. sucrose Composed of sieve tubes cells separated by perforated walls called sieve plates Meristematic tissue Found at root shoots and tips, and in the cambium of vascular bundles called meristems. Contains stem cells, so they can divide and differentiate into other types of cells. They have thin walls containing little cellulose, and do not have chloroplasts or a large vacuole Task – complete plant/animal cell structure function sheet – Read Page 157-160 – help

Organs and organ systems Read through page 161 Answer questions 1-3

Plenary Compare and contrast ciliated and squamous epithelium (4 marks) Squamous epithelium is smooth (1) and forms the inside of blood vessels and alveoli (1) Ciliated epithelium contains cilia and goblet cells (1) and lines the trachea and bronchi (1)