Data networking technologies in Smart Grids

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Presentation transcript:

Data networking technologies in Smart Grids 10/12/2013 Giorgos Georgiadis

? ? Introduction 1 “Here be SCADA” Communication technologies SONET - Synchronous Optical Network WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing Satellite/VSAT IP Radio Twisted pair / Fiber optics BPL - Broadband over Power Lines WiMax - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access GPRS Ethernet rules~ Ethernet rules! (IEC 61850) Ethernet rules? Hint: not always ? Communication technologies ? Communication protocols

Protocols @ Distribution’s last mile 2 Overview Protocols @ Distribution’s last mile OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LoWPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

PHY/DataLink protocols 3 PHY/DataLink protocols Ethernet Not much to say HomePlug Honorable mention: popular home automation protocol Powerline based Speed: ~200mbps Otherwise, vanilla protocol: i.e. using TDMA, Two kinds of nodes, … OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LowPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

PHY/DataLink protocols 4 PHY/DataLink protocols IEEE 802.15.4 Radio based, usually 2.4GHz Small packets (<=127bytes) Medium speed (~250kbps) Originally DSSS Topologies supported: Star Peer-to-peer Roles supported: Full-function device Reduced-function device OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LowPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

Higher protocols 5 6LoWPAN Builds on 802.15.4, IPv6 “IPv6 over LoW Power wireless Area Networks” Builds on 802.15.4, IPv6 Aimed at low power devices (sensors, controllers) Topologies Star, peer-to-peer + Mesh Many Challenges: IP packets >=1280bytes (!) 128bit IP addresses … OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LoWPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

Higher protocols 6 ZigBee Builds on 802.15.4, but not IP Aimed at low power devices too (sensors, controllers) Speed 250kbps Packet 127bytes Battery powered devices (supports sleep) Topologies supported Mesh (jump to: example) Roles supported Coordinator, router, end node Different profiles exist: ZigBee Home Automation Zigbee Smart Energy Zigbee IP, ... OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LoWPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

Higher protocols 8 More protocols, same story: XMPP, BACNet, LonWorks, Modbus, … Wired Proprietary, build around specific companies (BACNet, LonWorks) or legacy protocols (Modbus) Today gateway devices to “break out” to Ethernet are in use Simple topologies (i.e bus), same roles as before But what is the connecting thread over all? Open standards! Internet! (of Things?) OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LoWPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

Towards interoperability 9 Towards interoperability OpenADR ADR: Advanced Metering Response Trying to ‘unify’ different solutions in a high level protocol Formalizing: Roles Messages Device detection Simple topologies (i.e bus), same roles as before REST-based APIs I.e. Costrained Application Protocol Ultimately, HTTP-based Verb oriented: GET, PUT, DELETE, … OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LoWPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

Towards interoperability 10 Towards interoperability Ethernet/IP-based integration Remember: Radio band: 2.4GHz (WiFI, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN) Similar topologies, roles Made for low energy devices, but flops/watt/kr increase! Ethernet gateways commonly used Solution: make them (formally) interoperable ZigBee Smart Energy v2.0 ZigBee, WiFi, HomePlug on board 6LoWPAN coming soon OpenADR REST-based (i.e. CoAP) ZigBee 6LoWPAN HomePlug XMPP BACNet LonWorks Modbus WiFi Proprietary Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4 Proprietary, part 2:

Conclusion 11 Ethernet + misc communication technologies Ethernet vs non-ethernet Why? Design for low energy devices (smaller packets, lower comm speed) Peer to peer, mesh topologies Now + Future? Devices’ specs catching up Importance of being connected (to the Internet?) Topologies still important (i.e. reliability) Will probably remain radio-based

Thank you! Questions/comments?