1. Advisor: Quincy Wu Speaker: Kuan-Ta Lu Date: Aug. 19, 2010
6LoWPAN
Advisor: Quincy Wu
Speaker: Kuan-Ta Lu
Date: Aug. 19, 2010

2. Outline
Wireless Technologies
IPv6
6LoWPAN
Reference

3. Wireless Technologies

4. Wireless Technologies
Cellular (2.5G & 3G - > 10,000m)
EDGE/HSDPA (Cingular)
EV-DO (Verizon,Sprint/Nextel)
MAN (Municipal Area Network - 10,000m)
WiMax - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
LAN (Local Area Network – 30 to 100m)
a,b,g,n WiFi
PAN (Personal Area Network > 30m)
/ Zigbee / 6LoWPAN
RFID & Bluetooth

5. Wireless Issues & Concerns
Batteries
Replacement labor
Environmental Issues
New battery and power technologies
Loss of Service
We deal with it every day
Must be considered
Self healing networks and smart routing

6. What is ?
IEEE standard for low cost, low speed, low power wireless communication
Targeted at device to device communication
Supports multiple frequencies, including the worldwide unlicensed 2.4 GHz band
Sixteen channels
Shares spectrum with (WiFi) and Bluetooth
250 kbit/s data 2.4 GHz
127 bytes max packet length
Each device has a unique 8 byte identifier (MAC address)

7. Networks
specification defines methods by which devices can form networks
Networks are known as Personal Area Networks (PANs)
Each network has a unique PAN ID
Three type of nodes – coordinator, routers, end device
Network is managed by the “coordinator”
When end devices start up, they broadcast a request to associate with a network
Coordinator will respond to association request and assigns address to device, updates routing tables throughout the network
Multiple network topologies supported, but not specified by standard.
types include star, tree, linear and mesh
Each topology requires a different routing algorithm

8. Mesh Network
Each node dynamically determines best path to other nodes, changing its routing as paths fail or degrade
Most complicated routing algorithm, requires largest code and memory footprint
All devices that perform mesh routing must be powered

9. Wireless Appliance Architecture

11. IPv6 Next generation of Internet Protocol (IP) addressing scheme
Expands address space from 4 bytes to 16 bytes
2128 bits worth of address space
~3.4 x 1038 addresses
Lots of address space = well suited for addressing devices and M2M applications
Every switch, lamp, appliance, etc. in your home can now have its own IP address
Uses different notation for specifying addresses
IPv
IPv :0db8:0000:0000:a526:2962:3960:c0e1

12. What is 6LoWPAN?
6LoWPAN = IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks
Internet standard defined by IETF
RFC4944 – Transmission of IPv6 packets over IEEE
Large open community concerned with evolution of the Internet architecture – network designers, operators, vendors, researchers
Enables wireless devices to interoperate with other IP-enabled devices using standard protocols
An extension of wired IP into the wireless domain…..
Benefits: global addressing / routing – it’s a Standard..
Devices have globally unique addresses

13. 6LoWPAN - Purpose
To extend IP services down to low power, embedded wireless devices – sensors, controls, actuators
Enabling IP and wireless to work together
Small packet sizes, low power consumption, a protocol stack suitable for embedded devices – small footprint, efficient
6LoWPAN defines IPv6 packets over IEEE
Packet fragmentation, header compression, multi-hopping
Compact and efficient implementation for low power wireless
Clusters of wireless nodes connected to the wired infrastructure
Nodes within a cluster talk wirelessly
Nodes on different clusters talk through the wired domain
Benefits from reuse of existing IP infrastructure
Simple integration and deployment

14. Why use 6LoWPAN? Leverages existing standards
IP is the field-proven protocol winner
Generic solution regardless of device or application type
Permits integrating devices without requiring gateway cognizant of the application
A programming tool can communicate directly to a device without special application software and mapping, communications are simply routed through the network!
Works with wired and wireless devices, just like the computer world, just like the telecom world.
A smart 6LoWPAN router can present an IPv4 address. In this case the router will have a configuration table to handle mapping the extended address to IPv4 addresses.

15. 6LoWPAN Overview

16. 6LoWPAN Stack Architecture

17. 6LoWPAN : Adaptation Layer
The adaptation layer is the main component of 6LoWPAN.
The first major function of this layer is the TCP/IP header compression. TCP/IP headers are too large for , which has a maximum packet size of 127 bytes; instead IPv6 header size is 40 bytes, UDP and ICMP header sizes are both 4 bytes, TCP header size is 20. Without compression, is not possible to transmit any payload effectively.
A second major function of the adaptation layer is to handle packet fragmentation and reassembling. IEEE has a maximum frame size of 127 bytes, while IPv6 requires a minimum MTU of 1280 bytes. This mismatch has to be handled in the adaptation layer.

18. 6LoWPAN : Adaptation Layer continued...
The third major function of the adaptation layer is routing. The border nodes of the WSN should be able to route IPv6 packets into the WSN nodes from outside and route inside packets to outside IP network.
Different routing protocols of adaptation layer are shown in table.
There are other functions of the adaptation layer on networking related things like neighbor discovery and multicast support.

19. 6LoWPAN : Adaptation Layer continued...
Routing per se is a two phased problem that is being considered for 6LoWPAN.
1)Mesh Routing in the PAN Space
2)Routability of packets to/from the IPv6 domain from/to the PAN domain
Some of the routing protocols currently being developed by 6LoWPAN Community, those are LOAD, DYMO-LOW, Hi-Low.

20. 6LoWPAN Communications

21. Reference
Technical Overview.pdf
Review of 6LoWPAN Routing Protocols.pdf
over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN).pdf

22. The End
Q&A