Oracle Architecture Overview

Objectives Learn about Oracle architecture and key Oracle software components Look at the ORACLASS database Discover differences between Oracle client and server installation options Examine why to use OFA (Optimal Flexible Architecture)

Oracle Architecture: Key Components The core Oracle RDBMS software includes a suite of over 200 components. Key components are: Oracle database & Oracle Net Java/Web components Oracle Enterprise Manager & Mgt. Packs SQL*Plus Utilities, Precompilers, and add-ons

Oracle database & Oracle Net contains a number of preset features that speed up its use. Includes PL/SQL engine Oracle Net Provides the network link between the Oracle database and most applications that communicate with the database Is a gateway into the database

Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration Java/Web components Provides a way to access the Oracle database via Java ports Tools installed with Oracle database Apache web server Precomplier for SQLJ Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle Enterprise Manager & Mgt. Packs Windows-like database administrator tool in a single interface Management packages Sets of related tools aded to Enterprise Manager console

SQL*Plus Allows users to run SQL satements

Utilities, Precompilers, and add-ons Backup, migration, recovery, and transporting data Precompilors (Pro*C)

Oracle Architecture: Running the Database The Oracle database server has 3 parts: Database (the files): a collection of files such as data files, control files, and redo log files Database Software: database executable files such as Oracle Net, Enterprise manager, and the RDBMS components Instance: background processes and memory Handles user interaction with databases Manages memory, integrity, and I/O for db files

Oracle Architecture: A Typical Server Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle9i Architecture: Server Configurations Single-instance Multiple-instance Clustered Number of computers 1 Many Number of databases 2 1 (on a file server) Number of instances 1 per database 1 per computer Number of database software sets 1 (or more) Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle9i Architecture: Optional Additions Some important optional additions are: Oracle Data Mining: queries on data warehouses Oracle Advanced Security: industry standard security encryption and password validation Enterprise Manager packs: additions for tuning, change management, and diagnostics Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle9i Installation Options: N-tier Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle9i Installation Options: Server-side Choose from: Enterprise Edition: best for many users and high-volume data Standard Edition: best for small groups of users, smaller volume data Personal Edition: best for individual use Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle9i Installation Options: Client-side Choose from: Administrator: provides Enterprise Manager and other tools for remote database administration Runtime: provides connectivity from local applications to a remote database Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) Set of standards for directory structure and file names. Advantages include: Spreading I/O across devices to reduce bottlenecks Separating products into distinct directories and/or devices to improve performance Providing standard names for file types to speed up administrative tasks Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

OFA: Directory Structure Standards ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_HOME define the root directory structures Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

OFA: File Naming Standards Patterns for naming files are: Control files: controlNN.ctl (example: control01.ctl) Redo log files: redoNN.log (example: redo03.log) Data files: XXXXNN.dbf (example: SYSTEM01.dbf) NN = sequential numbers starting with 01. XXXX = name of the tablespace Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration Chapter Summary Oracle RDBMS software contains many basic components and even more optional add-ons The database server contains the software, the database files, and the instance (made up of memory allocation and background processes) Oracle Enterprise Edition is the most robust of the three installation options for the server Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration Chapter Summary Multi-tier architecture provides greater flexibility and independence of software components Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) defines standards for directory structure and file names Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration