Web Programming Maymester 2004

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Presentation transcript:

Web Programming Maymester 2004 Basic XML Concepts Web Programming Maymester 2004

XML fundamental concepts XML is not a language, but a structure for defining application-specific mini-languages Tags, elements and attributes Tag names can be ANYTHING (depends on application

Example XML document

XML/HTML entities Some symbols cannot appear in document content because they confuse parsing Entities represent these symbols < > & & " “ (double quote)

Well-Formed XML document Every tag has a matching closing tag Tags are properly nested You can have an empty element, which is its own matching close tag <danger voltage=“480” /> All attribute values appear in quotes

Valid XML document A valid document must be well-formed In addition, the document conforms to a language definition The language definition specifies possible tags, their contents, and their attributes Two types of language definitions: Document Type Definition (DTD) XML Schema

Document Type Definition Example: a letter contains a source and destination address, a salutation, one or more paragraphs, and a closing

DTD Attribute Definitions REQUIRED: must always appear IMPLIED: optional FIXED: required, and always has same value

DTD Data Types & Quantifiers #PCDATA =“parsed character data”, can contain no XML markup chars Use entities to replace markup chars “X+” means one or more instances of X “X*” means zero or more instances of X “X?” means zero or one instances of X

Where to put DTDs Can be embedded in the DOCTYPE declaration, as in previous example SYSTEM DTD refers to a file on the same machine: PUBLIC DTD gives a URL to the DTD:

XML Schema Document definition file is also an XML document, unlike DTD Gives much tighter control over contents of XML document See http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-xmlschema-0-20001024/ for details

XHTML HTML that conforms to XML format Stricter grammar rules than HTML 4.01 Strict All tag names in lower case V

Acknowledgements Examples taken from Sun J2EE tutorial, http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.3/tutorial/doc/IntroXML.html