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محمد احمدی نیا ahmadinia@gmail.com
XHTML محمد احمدی نیا
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HTML vs XHTML XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML.
by combining the strengths of HTML and XML, XHTML was developed XHTML is HTML 4.01 redesigned as XML. correctly and "well-formed“ زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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What Is XHTML? XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01 XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application XHTML is a W3C Recommendation of January 2000. XHTML is supported by all major browsers. زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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Why XHTML? Many pages on the internet contain "bad" HTML.
<html> <head> <title>This is bad HTML</title> <body> <h1>Bad HTML <p>This is a paragraph </body> market consists of different browser technologies run on computers, mobile phones or other small devices. Smaller devices often lack the resources or power to interpret a "bad“ code زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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Differences from HTML XHTML elements must be properly nested
XHTML elements must always be closed XHTML elements must be in lowercase XHTML documents must have one root element زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Syntax XHTML Elements Must Be Properly Nested
In XHTML, all elements must be properly nested within each other, like this: <b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b> زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Syntax Non-empty elements must have a closing tag.
This is wrong: <p>This is a paragraph <p>This is another paragraph This is correct: <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p> Empty Elements Must Also Be Closed A break: <br /> A horizontal rule: <hr /> An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face" /> زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Syntax XHTML Elements Must Be In Lower Case
Tag names and attributes must be in lower case. This is wrong: <BODY> <P>This is a paragraph</P> </BODY> This is correct: <body> <p>This is a paragraph</p> </body> زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Syntax XHTML Documents Must Have One Root Element
XHTML elements must be nested within the <html> root element Child elements must be in pairs and correctly nested <html> <head> ... </head> <body> ... </body> </html> زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Syntax Attribute Values Must Be Quoted This is wrong:
<table width=100%> This is correct: <table width="100%"> زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Syntax Attribute Minimization Is Forbidden This is wrong:
<input checked> <input readonly> <input disabled> <option selected> <frame noresize> This is correct: <input checked="checked" /> <input readonly="readonly" /> <input disabled="disabled" /> <option selected="selected" /> زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Syntax Mandatory XHTML Elements
An XHTML document must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head, title, and body elements must also be present. زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Doctypes refers to a Document Type Definition (DTD).
A DTD specifies the rules for the markup language, so that the browsers render the content correctly. The basic document structure is: <!DOCTYPE ...> <html> <head> <title>... </title> </head> <body> ... </body> </html> زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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An XHTML Example <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" " <html xmlns=" <head> <title>Title of document</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Different Doctypes
XHTML 1.0 Strict contains all HTML elements and attributes does NOT INCLUDE presentational or deprecated elements (like font). Framesets are not allowed. The markup must also be written as well-formed XML. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" " زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Different Doctypes
XHTML 1.0 Transitional contains all HTML elements and attributes INCLUDING presentational and deprecated elements (like font) Framesets are not allowed The markup must also be written as well-formed XML <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" " زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML Different Doctypes
XHTML 1.0 Frameset This DTD is equal to XHTML 1.0 Transitional, but allows the use of frameset content. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" " زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML HowTo 1. Add a <!DOCTYPE> 2. Add an xmlns Attribute
Add an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> to the first line of every page: 2. Add an xmlns Attribute Add an xmlns attribute to the html element of every page: <html xmlns=" 3. Change Tags And Attribute Names to Lowercase زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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XHTML HowTo 4. Quote All Attribute Values 5. Close all Empty Tags
Check every page to see that attribute values are quoted. 5. Close all Empty Tags 6. Validate XHTML With The W3C Validator using this url: زبانهای برنامه سازی وب
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