CH. 12 PP’s- student

CHAPTER 12 The New West andthe Free North, 1840-1860 The American Promise A History of the United States Fifth Edition CHAPTER 12 The New West andthe Free North, 1840-1860

I. Economic and Industrial Evolution A. Agriculture and Land Policy 1. Populating the Midwest 2. Technological innovations 3. Federal land policy B. Manufacturing and Mechanization 1. The American system 2. A dynamic national economy 3. The domestic market

I. Economic and Industrial Evolution C. Railroads: Breaking the Bonds of Nature 1. Increasing mileage 2. Propelling other industries 3. Private corporations

II. Free Labor: Promise and Reality A. The Free-Labor Ideal 1. Free labor 2. Universal education B. Economic Inequality 1. Measuring success 2. Justifying inequality 3. Social and geographic mobility

II. Free Labor: Promise and Reality C. Immigrants and the Free-Labor Ladder 1. Rising immigration 2. German immigrants 3. Irish immigrants and ethnic discrimination

III. The Westward Movement A. Manifest Destiny 1. “Civilizing” the West 2. Manifest Destiny B. Oregon and the Overland Trail 1. Joint occupation 2. The Plains Indians 3. Indian concentration 4. Women’s hardships

III. The Westward Movement C. The Mormon Exodus 1. Joseph Smith 2. Exodus and Brigham Young 3. Annexation of Utah

III. The Westward Movement D. The Mexican Borderlands 1. The Mexican Southwest 2. Americans in Texas 3. Texans revolt 4. California

IV. Expansion and the Mexican-American War A. The Politics of Expansion 1. The problem of Texas 2. The politics of annexation 3. “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” B. The Mexican American War, 1846–1848 1. Polk’s desire for land 2. Divisive war 3. Polk’s plan 4. Early successes

IV. Expansion and the Mexican-American War C. Victory in Mexico 1. Mexican persistence 2. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo D. Golden California 1. The gold rush 2. Life in the mining towns 3. Anti-immigrant sentiment 4. Effects on Native American population

V. Reforming Self and Society A. The Pursuit of Perfection: Transcendentalists and Utopians 1. Transcendentalists 2. Fourier phalanxes 3. Oneida community B. Woman’s Rights Activists 1. Seneca Falls 2. Free labor arguments

V. Reforming Self and Society C. Abolitionists and the American Ideal 1. Tactics and response 2. Black abolitionists 3. Emigration 4. The Underground Railroad