Enzyme Activity C: Collect two beakers and a pair of goggles for each person in your group. D: Collect white powder and vinegar from me. A&B: Clean-up Crew Hypothesis: create two hypothesis using two variables, water and vinegar, and adding each substance to the white powder.

Once you have created your hypothesis place half of the powder in one beaker and the other half in the other beaker. Place water in one beaker--) observe what happens Place vinegar in the other beaker observe what happens Write all you observe. What happened in the beakers? Use science words Why did this happen? Again use science terms

Warm-Up What caused the fizzing of the baking soda and vinegar? What are the two parts of a chemical reaction?

Enzymes

What Are Enzymes? Most enzymes are Proteins Act as Catalyst to accelerate a reaction Not permanently changed in the process

Enzymes Are specific for what they will catalyze Are Reusable End in –ase -Sucrase -Lactase -Maltase

How do enzymes Work? Enzymes work by weakening bonds which lowers activation energy

Enzymes Without Enzyme With Enzyme Free Energy Progress of the reaction Reactants Products Free energy of activation

Enzyme Toothpickase Activity Make 4 stacks of 40 toothpicks We are the enzyme toothpickase Your thumb and index finger are catalase You are given 10seconds, 30seconds, 60 seconds, 90seconds. I will call time after each segment and you will move on to the next pile of toothpicks. You cannot go onto a new pile until time is up! You can only break the toothpicks that have not been broken. YOU DO NOT LOOK AT THE PILES AS YOU PICK UP THE TOOTHPICKS.

Questions Count each pile: How many toothpicks did you metabolize? TIME (sec) # METABOLIZED 10 30 60 90 What happened to catalase when it started running out of toothpicks?

Enzyme-Substrate Complex The substance (reactant) an enzyme acts on is the substrate Enzyme Joins Substrate

Active Site A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. Active Site Enzyme Substrate

Induced Fit A change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site Induced by the substrate

Induced Fit A change in the configuration of an enzyme’s active site (H+ and ionic bonds are involved). Induced by the substrate. Enzyme Active Site substrate induced fit

What Affects Enzyme Activity? 1. Extreme Temperature are the most dangerous - high temps may denature (unfold) the enzyme. 2. pH (most like 6 - 8 pH near neutral)

1. Environmental Conditions 1. Extreme Temperature are the most dangerous - high temps may denature (unfold) the enzyme. 2. pH (most like 6 - 8 pH near neutral) 3. Ionic concentration (salt ions)