DO NOW Page 469 in text book Geography skill-builder #’s 1 and 2

Gilded Age- The Challenges of Urbanization Housing, Sanitation, Transportation, Water, Crime, Fire

Immigrant Populations Rapid urbanization occurred in the late 19th century in the Northeast and Midwest. Immigrants settled in cities- Why? Available jobs and affordable housing. By 1910, immigrants made up more than half the population of 18 major American cities

Migration from Country to City Rapid improvements in farm technology (tractors, reapers, steel plows) made farming more efficient and required less labor. Where would those who farmed go? Who lived on farms/plantations in the South? Discrimination and segregation were often the reality for African Americans who migrated north

What part of the country lost people? What part of the country gained people?

Urban Problems Problems in American cities in the late 19th & early 20th centuries included: 1. Housing: Overcrowded tenements were un-healthy places to live. 2. Sanitation: Garbage often was not collected and polluted the air.

Famous photographer Jacob Riis captured the struggle of living in crowded tenements

Housing Tenement-A rundown, low-rental apartment building whose facilities and maintenance barely meet minimum standards

Virtual Tenement Tour http://www.tenement.org/Virtual_Tour/vt_hallruin.html

Sanitation-garbage was everywhere. Why?

3. Crime: As populations increased thieves flourished. Urban Problems (continued) 3. Crime: As populations increased thieves flourished. 4. Fire: Limited water, wooden structures, and the use of candles led to many major urban fires.

Organized Crime Original members of Murder Inc. Charles ”Lucky” Luciano

The Great Chicago Fire -The fire burned for 29 hours -Approx. 300 people died -More than 3 square miles of the city destroyed -Over 17,000 building destroyed

Urban Problems (continued) 5. Transportation: Cities struggled to provide adequate transit systems. 6. Water: Without safe drinking water cholera and typhoid fever were common How do you think the water supply got so polluted?

Photographer Jacob Riis Captured Images of the City

Reformers Mobilize The Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service to the poor. Some reformers established Settlement Houses. These houses provided a place to stay, classes, health care and other social services. Jane Addams, who founded Hull House in Chicago, was the most famous social worker involved with the settlement community.