CKM Status In this lecture, we study the results summarized in this plot. November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Quark Mixing : Unitarity In Standard Model CP violation is due to single non-zero complex phase of this matrix Agreement amongst various measurements of angles and sides is crucial test of the Standard Model All but DMs (CDF/D0) are accessible to BaBar b a g B  y K Clean experiment/theory |Vtd / Vts| Bd,s mixing: DMd / DMs |Vub / Vcb| b  u l n / b  c l n November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

The Standard Model CKM Matrix Complex matrix described by 3 real parameters + 1 complex phase Wolfenstein parameterization: Exploit hierarchy in magnitudes by using Cabibbo angle, l=sinqc A, r, h are O(1) CP Violation: November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status Unitarity Triangle Choice of parameters: a Rt Ru g b November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Weak B Decays - Access to CKM Parameters s,d W - t b g Rare Effective FCNC November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status B Mixing Neutral B mesons can turn into their anti-particle November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

B Mass & Lifetime Difference Second order weak diagram gives non-zero matrix element In basis have a non-diagonal Hamiltonian Recall Eigenstates are: Unlike the case of neutral K mesons, for B mesons M is significant but  is negligible. November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status B Mixing Neutral B mesons can turn into their anti-particle In SM described by “box diagrams” measure |Vts(d)|  ms(d) = [GF2mt2 F(mt2/mW2)/62] mBs(d)f2Bs(d)BBs(d)|Vts(d)V*tb|2 Oscill. Freq. ~ 1 From lattice O(30%) error November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status Bd & Bs Mixing Measurement of yields measurement of UT side with O(5%) theory error November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status The Golden Channel November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Time Dependent Measurements November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status The SLAC B-Factory Design Luminosity: 3 x 1033 cm-2 s-1 (Reached in 2001) Peak Luminosity: 9 x 1033 cm-2 s-1 (Reached in 2004) November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status e+ e–  b b Signal: Continuum background: cont : B ~ 4.3 : 1 November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status BaBar g, p0 and e± ID p/K/p ID Charged Particle Tracking, Vertex Reconstruction (Dt), Low momentum particle ID dE/dx m and KL ID RPC problems overcome Forward RPCs replaced (2002) Barrel RPCs  LSTs (2004/6) November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Four Main Themes in B Physics CP Violation in B decays Due to interference of mixing and decay amplitudes (indirect) Due to decay amplitude interference (direct) Searches for and studies of rare decays Sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model B decay rate to rare final states CP violation of rare decays - can be very sensitive Precision determination of CKM matrix elements Need to significantly improve in order to determine whether observed CP violation is consistent with SM predictions Improving our understanding of B decays Feeds back into precision SM tests and measurements November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status Sin2b Measurement BABAR BABAR Update for ICHEP04 BABAR PUB-04/038 November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status sin2 Comparison CP violation in B system is almost consistent with Standard Model expectations Comparison of Tree and Gluonic penguin dominated decays provide new physics sensitivity Curiously gluonic penguin results are systematically low More data is needed to resolve experimental discrepancies Do electroweak penguin modes have anything to say? November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Electromagnetic Penguin B-meson mass B-quark mass b-quark Fermi momentum s,d Vts,Vtd u,d W - t b g Penguins used for measuring Vtd November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status Photon Spectrum Sum of exclusive method Lepton tagged inclusive preliminary K* K* (4s) frame B rest frame November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status Moments of  Spectrum B-meson mass B-quark mass b-quark Fermi momentum First, Second moments of Eg hep-ex/0506043 First and second moments of the photon spectrum are used in heavy quark effective theory models. November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status Shape Function HQ parametersdetermine shape function for Vub extraction Fit to the Eg spectrum in bsg – Belle+Babar Fit to the Eg moments of Eg spectrum - Babar Had and lept. moments in bcln – Babar+others Fit to all moments Fit to bcln moments Fit to b—sg moments Belle b—sg spectrum fit |Vcb| : moments analyses have 1.5–2% precision! CKM-05 November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

|Vub | The extraction of |Vub|from the measured partial BFs is not trivial Inclusive decays depend on measured shape function and OPE Average of Inclusive Determinations of |Vub| free quark decay nonperturbative corrections Method Vub(10-3) Inclusive, bcln & bsg moments Inclusive, Belle only bsg spectrum Indirectly, from CKM fit More work needed to resolve discrepancies November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Standard Model Unitarity Tree Level sin2b Consistent with SM Progress requires Measurements of a, g Penguin pollution Further checks of sin2b Measure in penguins Measurement of sides Vub, Vtd Rare processes Hadronic uncertainty HeavyLight form factor calculation Radiative penguins are beginning to play an important role in constraining SM unitarity November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status

Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status Two Lifetimes CP-odd fraction ( ) ~ 22% + Recent D0: November 17, 2018 Sridhara Dasu, CKM Status