8th Grade – The Dynamic Earth Unit 1 – Earth’s Surface

Unit 1 – Earth’s Surface Lesson 1 – Earth’s Spheres

Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres The earth as a system System = a group of related objects or parts that work together to form a whole. Earth system = all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary. Earth is a complex system made of living and nonliving things, and matter and energy continuously cycle through the smaller systems. Intro to Geosphere and Biosphere - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMxjzWHbyFM Stop at 2:21- do Geosphere and Biosphere notes, then do Investigation (the rest of the video) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 3

Geosphere Mostly solid, rocky part of Earth. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Geosphere Mostly solid, rocky part of Earth. extends from the center of Earth to the surface of Earth. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 4

Geosphere Crust - thin, outermost layer of the geosphere Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Geosphere Crust - thin, outermost layer of the geosphere mostly silicate minerals. Oceanic crust - 5 to 10 km thick. Continental crust - 35 to 70 km thick. Mantle - layer that lies below the crust. about 2,900 km thick. made of very slow-flowing, solid rock, consisting of silicate minerals that are denser than the silicates in the crust. Core – central part radius of about 3,500 km. made of iron and nickel very dense. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 5

Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What is the geosphere? Describe the characteristics of the layers of Earth. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 6

Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Biosphere Made up of living things and the areas of Earth where they are found. Usually need oxygen or carbon dioxide to carry out life processes. Also need liquid water, moderate temperatures, and a stable source of energy Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 7

Cryosphere Made up of all of the frozen water on Earth. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Cryosphere Made up of all of the frozen water on Earth. Snow, ice, sea ice, glaciers, ice shelves, icebergs, and permafrost Changes in the cryosphere can play an important role in Earth’s climate and species’ survival. Intro to Hydrosphere and Atmosphere - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXh_7wbnS3A Stop at 2:25, then take notes, then do Investigation (rest of video) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 8

Hydrosphere Part of Earth that is liquid water. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Hydrosphere Part of Earth that is liquid water. Oceans, lakes, rivers, marshes, groundwater, rain, & water droplets in clouds. Constantly moving Within oceans – currents Between spheres In & out of living things Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 9

Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Atmosphere read pg. 10 Mixture of mostly invisible gases that surround Earth. Most gasses are 8-50 km above earth BUT atmosphere goes 500-600 km up About 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. contains the air we breathe traps some energy from the sun -helps keep Earth warm enough for living things to survive and multiply Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 11

Atmosphere (continued) Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres Atmosphere (continued) Absorbs and reflects harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, protecting Earth Causes space debris to burn up before hitting Earth (meteors). Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 12

What’s the Matter? How do Earth’s spheres interact? Unit 1 Lesson 1 Earth’s Spheres What’s the Matter? How do Earth’s spheres interact? All of the five spheres of Earth interact as matter and energy change and cycle through the system. A result of these interactions is that they make life on Earth possible. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnpF0ndXk-8 – Big Idea 3 – Earth is a Complex system of earth, water, air and life Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 13