PERIODIC TABLE REVIEW 10/23/12 CAIAFA

SHIELDING DOWN A GROUP READING DOWN A GROUP NUMBER OF KERNEL SHELLS INCREASES, (SHIELDS VALENCE FROM NUCLEAR CHARGE) DISTANCE FROM NUC TO VELENCE INCREASES NUCLEAR CHARGE (# OF PROTONS, ATOMIC #) INCREASES INCREASE EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE TO VALENCE ELECTRON(S) DECREASES EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE TO VALENCE ELECTRON(S) DECREASES EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE TO VALENCE ELECTRON(S) DECREASES ELECTRONEGATIVITY AND IONIZATION ENERGY INCREASES ATOMIC RADIUS

SHIELDING L TO R IN A PERIOD READING LEFT TO RIGHT ACROSS A PERIOD NUCLEAR CHARGE (# OF PROTONS, ATOMIC #) INCREASES NUMBER OF KERNEL SHELLS UNCHANGED, (SHIELDS VALENCE FROM NUCLEAR CHARGE) INCREASE EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE TO VALENCE ELECTRON(S) NO EFFECT ON EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE TO VALENCE ELECTRON(S) INCREASES EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE TO VALENCE ELECTRON(S) INCREASES ELECTRONEGATIVITY AND IONIZATION ENERGY DECREASES ATOMIC RADIUS

PROPERTY METALS NON METALS ELECTRONEGATIVITY IONIZATION ENERGY VERY LOW…VALENCE ELECTRONS HELD LOOSELY DO NOT GAIN ELECTRONS RELEASE ELECTRONS EASILY HIGH…VALENCE ELECTRONS HELD TIGHTLY GAIN ELECTRONS DO NOT RELEASE ELECTRONS IONIC RADIUS + IONS SMALLER THAT THE ATOM, ELECTRONS ARE LOST, CLOUD CONTRACTS -IONS LARGER THAN ATOM, ELECTRONS ARE GAINED, CLOUD EXPANDS CONDUCTIVITY GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY… VALENCE ELECTRONS MOBILE, CAN CARRY CURRENT..SEA OF ELECTRONS POOR CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY: VALENCE ELECTRONS HELD TIGHTLY, IMMOBILE. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MALLEABLE, DUCTABLE, LUSTROUS BRITTLE, UGLY METALLIC CHARACTER INCREASES TO LOWER LEFT DECREASES TO UPPER RIGHT REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN A GROUP DECREASES DOWN A GROUP