United States Civil War SS8H5 ANALYZE the impact of the Civil War on Georgia. a. EXPLAIN the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia platform, the Dred Scott case, Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860, and the debate over secession in Georgia. b. EXPLAIN Georgia’s role in the Civil war; include the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, the Emancipation Proclamation, Chickamauga, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea and Andersonville.

Issue One: SLAVERY NORTH SOUTH Began to despise slavery and called for its end Famous abolitionists: Frederick Douglas, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe Had a industrial (manufacturing business) economy Growing cities and immigration SOUTH Slavery grew quickly in Georgia because it had an agricultural-based economy Exponential growth due to the cotton gin Reliance on cotton Stalled growth & immigration Slavery was at the forefront of national conversation every time new territory was added.

Source: henryclayus.com Source: Scholastic.com

Issue Two: States’ Rights What are they? The amount of power a state government has in relation to the power held by the federal government when making decisions SOUTH Felt states should have more decision- making power than the federal government (But remember how the Articles of confederation DIDN’T work?) States’ rights arguments during the antebellum period were usually based around a state’s right to have slavery THE REALITY

Issue Three: Nullification Crisis What is Nullification? The idea that a state can “nullify” or reject a federal law Tariffs Congress (held mostly by congressmen from the north) voted to place a tariff (tax) on goods from Great Britain The tariff would help keep out cheap, imported goods and instead support American-made goods The south benefitted from these cheap goods and disagreed with this tariff SOUTH CAROLINA threatened to nullify the tariff and possibly secede (leave the union)

Issue Three: Nullification Crisis What items do you notice in the political cartoon? How do you think the illustrator felt about the way South Carolina reacted to the tariff?

Essential Question: What major differences in economy and beliefs existed between the North and South in the Antebellum time period?

For the next three concepts (Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and Kansas-Nebraska Act) use the article provided.

Essential Question: Were the country’s efforts at compromising over slavery effective? Why or why not?

Dred Scott Case Suggested video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9m-0HGFbtxA&t=428s

Dred Scott Case The Concern Dred Scott, who moved around the country frequently with his owners, believed he should be free since he spent time living in free territory. 4 1 3 2 Born in VA (slave state) Moved to AL (slave state) Moved to MO (slave state) Moved to IN (free state)

Dred Scott Case Decisions to be Made After taking his case to through district and federal courts, Scott’s case made it to the Supreme Court The U.S. Supreme court had to decide if slaves were free simply because they were taken to a free state The outcome of this case would determine the status of slavery and states’ authority over slavery

Dred Scott Case The Outcome Implications Dred Scott lost his case It was declared that African Americans were not considered citizens of the United States, and therefore, could not petition the courts It was also declared that slavery cannot be banned in U.S. territories (making the MO Compromise unconstitutional) Implications The southern view of slavery was upheld Further limited the rights and freedoms of free blacks Increase in sectionalism

Essential Question: What was the significance of the Dred Scott case Essential Question: What was the significance of the Dred Scott case? What did it say about the country’s views on slavery?

Election of 1860 What do you notice about how electoral votes were divided in the election of 1860?

Election of 1860 The results of the election of 1860 showed true divisions in the country. Lincoln (R) wins the northern electoral vote Breckinridge (D) wins most of the southern electoral vote The southern vote is divided among three different candidates, reflecting the divisions among southerners and their views on slavery Fast Facts: -The Republicans’ goal was to keep slavery from expanding. -Democrats were split between outright supporting slavery and supporting popular sovereignty (power to decide given to the people).

Election of 1860 South Carolina promised to secede if Lincoln won the election. They seceded on December 20th, 1860. Other southern states, including Georgia, quickly followed suit.

Essential Question: How did the Election of 1860 show divisions in our country?

Union General William T. Sherman and the Destruction of Georgia Today’s Question: How did General Sherman’s tactics change the way the war was fought? Essential vocabulary TACTICS: an action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific goal TOTAL WAR: taking the destruction of war to the civilian population by destroying homes, barns, farms, and supplies

Union General William T. Sherman and the Destruction of Georgia Video: Total War & Sherman Video: March to the Sea