Adaptations

Objectives Analyze structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to predict which populations are likely to survive in a particular environment I can: Identify an adaptation as structural and behavioral I can xplain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

(we will only be exploring the first two) Types of Adaptation An adaptation is anything that helps an organism survive in its environment  Adaptations are inherited from their parents It also refers to the ability of living things to adjust to different conditions within their environments. There are 3 kinds of adaptations:  Structural adaptation Behavioural adaptations Physiological adaptations (we will only be exploring the first two) I can identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological.

Structural Adaptations A structural adaptation involves some part of an organism's body: Teeth Body Covering Shells Quills Scales   Camouflage Mimicry A structural adaptation involves some part of an animal's body, such as the size or shape of the teeth, the animal's body covering, or the way the animal moves.   Teeth - since different animals eat different things, they don't all have the same kind of teeth Body coverings - Hair, scales, spines, and feathers grow from the skin.  All of these parts help animals survive in their environments.   Movement - animals find food by moving from place to place I can identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological.

Teeth The shape of an animal’s teeth is related to its diet. Herbivores, such as deer, have many molars for chewing tough grass and plants. Carnivores, such as lions, have sharp canines to kill and tear meat. I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Camouflage Camouflage: -allows an animal to blend into its environment   -makes it hard for enemies to single out individuals   I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Mimicry Mimicry: -allows one animal to look, sound, or act like another animal to fool predators into thinking it is poisonous or dangerous.  Coral snake (left) very poinsonous & Milk snake (right) I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Plant Adaptations Plants can adapt too… Thorns -Protect against predators Leave type -Broad:absorb more sunlight -Small needle-like: reduce water loss -Waxy: reduce water loss, protect from fire I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Behavioral Adaptations A Behavioural adaptation includes activities or behaviours that help a living thing survive.   Innate vs Learned Survival Defence Seasonal Behavior adaptations include activities that help an animal survive.  Behavior adaptations can be learned or instinctive. (a behavior an animal is born with). Social behavior - some animals live by themselves, while other live in groups.  Behavior for protection -  An animal's behavior sometimes helps to protect the animal.  For instance the opossum plays dead.  A rabbit freezes when it thinks it has been seen.  I can identify an adaptation as structural, behavioral, or physiological.

Innate vs. Learned Innate Learned Inherited through the genes Examples Flying for bees, birds Swimming for fish Walking for humans Speaking for humans Learned from experience or from observing other animals Type of language spoken for humans Riding a bicycle I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Survival Behaviour Predator-Prey Adaptations certain animals eat certain animals –the one that is eating the other we call the predator -the one that gets eaten we call the prey Marking Territory Adaptations animals inform other animals that an area is occupied by them I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Survival Behaviour Defensive Action Adaptations Courtship Parenting animals defend to protect resources, themselves, food, mates, offspring Courtship Animals show certain behaviors to find a mate Parenting young animals depend on parents for survival I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Animal Defense Some animals use these methods of defense to protect themselves: Camouflage (Snake) Mimicry (Mexican Milk Snake) Bright colors (Skunk and Poison Arrow Frog) “Hair” projections (Hedgehog quills / Deer Antlers) I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Seasonal Behavior Behaviours that occur during specific seasons help organisms adapt to the environment -Migration -Hibernation -Estivation I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Migration Is an adaptation that involves an animal or group of animals moving from one region to another and then back again.  Animals migrate for different reasons…  better climate better food safe place to live safe place to raise young go back to the place they were born. Migration-is the behavioral adaptation that involves an animal or group of animals moving from one region to another and then back again.  Animals migrate for different reasons.  The reasons are as follows. better climate better food safe place to live safe place to raise young go back to the place they were born. I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Hibernation is a period of inactivity in which animal’s body temp., heart rate, and breathing rate slow down to save (conserve) energy in winter it is hard for some animals to get food; if they hibernate they do not need to eat so it helps them survive some animals that hibernate include bats, woodchucks & bears Hibernation- is a deep sleep in which an animal's body temperature drops to about the temperature of the environment.  Body activities, such as heartbeat and breathing are slowed causing the animal to need very little food.  Animals that hibernate are  bats  woodchucks snakes  bears. During the hibernation the animals live off of the fat that is stored in their body.  I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Estivation estivation is a period of inactivity in the summer it is very hot and dry in some places which makes it hard for some animals to survive; if they estivate they need less water and their body temperature drops lower some animals that estivate include snakes, lizards, toads and frogs I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

All living things must have these adaptations in order to survive… I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Mammals warm-blooded all have some type of “hair” (Some are very specialized, such as white polar bear fur) care for young I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment. What adaptations do these animals have and why?

Birds Leg Length - Roseate Spoonbill Foot Webbing - Laughing Gull Beak Shape - Long Billed Curlew I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Reptiles cold- blooded Scales Some undergo hibernation and estivation Lay eggs on land Leg structure and position I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

Amphibians cold-blooded lay eggs in water partially of fully webbed feet have lungs or can absorb oxygen through their skin I can explain how an adaptation helps an organism survive in a particular environment.

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Natural Selection and Population Changes Over Time

Objectives SPI 0807.5.2 Analyze structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to predict which populations are likely to survive in a particular environment SPI 0807.5.3 Analyze data on levels of variation within a population to make predictions about survival under particular environmental conditions. I can: Explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

Natural Selection The process by which individuals are better adapted to their environment “Survival of the Fittest” The fittest survive to pass on their traits to the next generation. Examples: Insecticide resistance Speciation Galapagos finches http://www.vtaide.com/png/bird-adaptations3.htm “ I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

Insecticide Resistance Speciation I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer. Insecticide Resistance Speciation

Genetic Variation Differences that exist naturally among the members of a species Some traits are better suited than others to survive in their environment I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.

I can explain how genetic variations within a population help an organism survive longer.